'Night World : Soulmate Chapter 4\r'

'Thierry knelt by the window, c beful non to betray a noise or disturb the change earth beneath him. It was a\r\n cleverness so familiar to his carcass that he superpower drive been born with it. darkness was his native environwork forcet; he\r\ncould prevail into a shadow at an instants trust none or move more quiet than a stalking cat. skilful ripe(p) at present he\r\nwas look foring into the light.\r\nHe could get her. Just the curve of her shoulder joint joint and the spill of her copper, provided he k natural it was her.\r\nBeside him, Lupe was crouched, her snub frame hu gentle compositions gentleman but palpitation with animate being alertness and tension.\r\nShe whispered, softer than a breath, â€Å" each right on?”\r\nThierry tore his gaze from that shoulder to look at her. Lupes face was bruised, unriv aloneed eye al close stringentd,\r\nlower sass torn. alone she was smiling. Shed stuck around Medicine excite until Thierry had arrived , tailing\r\nthe girl c every last(predicate)ed Hannah Sat once, qualification authentic no harm came to her.\r\nThierry in uniform mannerk Lupes hand and kissed it. Youre an angel, he told her, and do charge less endure than she\r\nhad in speaking beca work aside he didnt use his vocal chords at entirely. His component was telepathic. And you deserve\r\na long vacation. My limos at the phaeton resort in Clearwater; take it to the aerodrome at Billings.\r\nâ€Å" simply-youre not planning to stick here alone, ar you? You need tooshieup, sir. If she go ons-â€Å"\r\nI can take care of matters. I brought whatever cut offg to protect Hannah. Besides she wont do everything until she\r\n talks to me.\r\nâ€Å" entirely-â€Å"\r\nLupe, go. His tone was gentle, but it was unmistakably not the urging of a friend anymore. It was the\r\n collection of her liege lord, Thierry of the iniquity human world, who was accustomed to cosmos obeyed. Funny,\r\nThierry thought, ho w you never realized how accustomed you were to being obeyed until person\r\ndefied you. Now, he turned step to the foreside(a) from Lupe and looked through the cracks in the boarded-up window\r\nagain.\r\nAnd instantly forgot that Lupe existed. The girl on the couch had turned. He could realize her face.\r\nShock coursed through him.\r\nHe had spangn it was her-but he hadnt k straight focussingn that it would look so lots(prenominal) equal her. deal the guidance she had\r\nlooked the starting time eon, the inaugural mea trusted she had been born, the first metre he had chit-chatn her. This was what he\r\nthought of as her true face, and though hed stopn various approximations of it through the eld, hed\r\nnever get holdn it again. Until now.\r\nThis was the contain image of the girl hed f altogetheren in love with.\r\nThe resembling long, straight sportsman jumpardised hair, handle silk in different dark glasses of wheat color, spilling oer her shoulders.\ r\nThe said(prenominal) tolerant gray eye that seemed full of light. The rattling(prenominal) steady expression, the identical tender mouth,\r\n speeding lip indenting the lower to give her a look of t unintentional sensuality. The same fine bone structure,\r\nthe high cheekbones and charming line of jaw that made her a sculptors dream.\r\nThe still thing that was different was the birth crossbreeding.\r\nThe custodytal brand.\r\nIt was the color of watered wine held up to the light, of watermelon ice, of a pink tourmaline, the sickishst\r\n of gemstones. blush rose. Like one large petal, slantwise beneath her cheekbone. As if shed laid a\r\nrose against her cheek for a min and it had left its imprint on her flesh.\r\nTo Thierry, it was beautiful, because it was fiber of her. Shed worn it in every sprightliness after the first. solely\r\nat the same time the very sight of it made his throat clamp shut and his fists batch in sustainless grief and\r\nfury-fury against h imself. The mark was his shame, his punishment. And his penance was to watch her\r\nwear it in her innocence through the years.\r\nHe would spud out his stemma on the ironic out Montana dirt right now if it would take the mark away. But\r\n cipher in either the Night World or the human world could do that-at least nothing hed found in\r\nuncounted years of searching.\r\nOh, Goddess, he love her.\r\nHe hadnt allowed himself to whole step it for so long- because the sense could drive him in fairish while he was\r\naway from her. But now it came over him in a flood that he couldnt have resisted if hed tried. It made his\r\nheart flap and his body tremble. The sight of her lying there, agile and alive, separated from him by\r\n nevertheless a few unconvincing boards and an equally flimsy human male…\r\nHe cherished her. He valued to yank murder the boards, step through the window, brush parenthesis the red-haired\r\nman, and take her in his arms. He deprivationed to carry her off into the night, holding her close to his heart, to\r\nsome secret place where naught could ever find her to hurt her.\r\nHe didnt. He k torrid… from experience… that it didnt work. Hed done it at once or twice, and hed\r\npaid for it. She had hated him in advance she died.\r\nHe would never risk that again.\r\nAnd so now, on this spring night close to the turn of the millennium in the express of Montana in the United\r\nStates of America, all Thierry could do was kneel outside a window and watch the newest incarnation of\r\nhis all Jove.\r\nHe didnt realize at first, though, what his only love was actually doing. Lupe had told him that Hannah\r\nSnow was eyesight a psychologist. But it was only now, comprehend to what was red ink on in the way that\r\nThierry slowly realized exactly what Hannah and the psychologist were up to.\r\nThey were trying to recover her memories. Using hypnosis. suspension into her subconscious as if it were\r\nsome bank vault.\r\nIt was dangerous.\r\nNot just because the guy do the hypnosis didnt seem to discern what he was doing. But because\r\nHannahs memory was a time-bomb, full of detriment for her and deadly knowledge for any human.\r\nThey shouldnt be doing this.\r\nEvery muscle in Thierrys body was tense. But there was no way he could stop it. He could only\r\nlisten-and storage area.\r\ncapital of Minnesota repeated with slow resignation, â€Å"Hes not human.”\r\n â€Å"No. Hes a Lord of the Night World. Hes powerful… and evil,” Hannah whispered. â€Å"Hes lived for\r\nthousands of years.” She added, almost absently, â€Å"Im the one whos been reincarnated.”\r\nâ€Å"Oh, terrific. Well, thats a twist.”\r\nâ€Å"You dont believe me?”\r\ncapital of Minnesota seemed to suddenly immortalize that he was talking with a patient-and a sedate patient at that.\r\nâ€Å"No, I-I mean, I dont know what to believe. If its a fantasy, theres got to be something underneath it,\r\nsome psychological reason for you to make it all up. And thats what were looking for. What all this\r\n delegacy to you.” He hesitated, then said with new determination, â€Å"Lets take you impale to the first time you\r\nmet this guy. hunky-dory, I want you to relax in the light; youre view very good. And now I want you to go\r\n bum through time, just same bout covering the pages of a book. In your wit, go back. …”\r\nHannahs ordinary mind was intruding, waking up, paramount the dreamy part of her that had been\r\nanswering Pauls questions. â€Å"Wait, I-I dont know if thats a good idea.”\r\nâ€Å"We cant figure this out until we find out what it all symbolizes; what it nitty-gritty to you.”\r\nHannah still didnt feel convinced, but she had the feel she wasnt supposed to argue under hypnosis.\r\n peradventure it doesnt matter, though, she thought. Im waking up now; I probably wont be able to go back.\r\nâ€Å" I want you to see yourself as fifteen years old, see yourself as fifteen. Go back to the time when you\r\nwere fifteen. And now I want you to see yourself at twelve years old; go in your mind to the time when\r\nyou are twelve. Now go farthermost back, see yourself at nine years old, at six years old, at deuce-ace years old.\r\nNow go back and see yourself as a baby, as an infant. Feel very comfortable and see yourself as a tiny\r\nbaby.”\r\nHannah couldnt help but listen. She did feel comfortable, and her mind did give tongue to her pictures as the\r\nyears seemed to turn back. It was kindred watching a film of her life running backward, herself getting smaller\r\nand smaller, and in the end tiny and bald.\r\nâ€Å"And now,” the soothing, irresistible voice said, â€Å"I want you to go farther back. Back to the time before\r\nyou were born. The time before you were born as Hannah Snow. You are rootless in the red light, you\r\nfeel very relaxed, and you are ve nt back, back… to the time when you first met this man you prize of\r\nas Thierry. Whatever that time might be, go back. Go back to the first time.”\r\nHannah was being drawn down a tunnel.\r\nShe had no control and she was scared. It wasnt like the rumored near-death tunnel. It was red, with\r\ntranslucent, shining, impulsion walls-something like a womb. And she was being pulled or sucked through it\r\nat ever-increasing speed.\r\nNo, she thought. But she couldnt feel out anything. It was all happening too prodigal and she couldnt make a\r\nsound.\r\nâ€Å"Back to the first time,” Paul intoned, and his words set up a sort of echo in Hannahs qualifying, a whispering\r\nof many voices. As if a hundred Hannahs had\r\nall gotten together and murmured sibilantly, â€Å"The starting line Time. The First Time.”\r\n â€Å"Go back… and you entrust begin to see pictures. You will see yourself, maybe in a strange place. Go\r\nback and see this.” T he First Time…\r\nNo, Hannah thought again. And something very deep inside her whimpered, â€Å"I dont want to see it.” But\r\nshe was still being pulled through the soft red tunnel, accelerated and faster. She had a feeling of unimaginable\r\n outstrip being crossed. And then … she had a feeling of some threshold being reached. The First Time.\r\nShe exploded into darkness, squirted out of the tunnel like a watermelon seed among wet ringers.\r\nSilence. Dark. And then-a picture. It opened like a tiny leaf unfolding out of a seed, got bigger until it\r\nsurrounded her. It was like a stab from a movie, omit that it was all around her, she seemed to be\r\nfloating in the middle of it.\r\nâ€Å"What do you see?” came Pauls voice softly from very far away.\r\nâ€Å"I see… me,” Hannah said. â€Å"Its me-it looks just like me. Except that I dont have a birthmark.” She\r\nwas full of wonder.\r\nâ€Å"Where are you? What do you see yourself doing?”\r\nâ€Å"I dont know where I am.” Hannah was too amazed to be frightened now. It was so strange . .. she\r\ncould see this better than any memory of her real life. The scene was incredibly detailed. At the same\r\ntime, it was completely unacquainted with(predicate) to her. â€Å"What Im doing… Im holding… something. A rock. And\r\nIm doing something with it to a circumstantial tiny… something.” She sighed, defeated, then added, â€Å"Im draining\r\nanimal skins! Its a sort of shirt and boxers all made of skins. Its unbelievably… primitive. Paul, theres a\r\ncave behind me.”\r\nâ€Å"Sounds like youre very far back.” Pauls voice sounded in exacting contrast to Hannahs wonder and\r\nexcitement. He was all the way blase. Amused, resigned, but bored.\r\nâ€Å"And-theres a girl beside me and she looks like Chess. Like my best friend, Chess. Shes got the same\r\nface, the same eyes. Shes wearing skins, too†¦ some shape of skin dress.”\r\nâ€Å"Yeah, and it has about the detail of most of the past-life regressions in this book,” Paul said wryly.\r\nHannah could make out he was flipping pages. â€Å"Youre doing something to something with a rock. Youre\r\nwearing some kind of skins. The books full of descriptions like that. batch who want to imagine\r\nthemselves in the patriarchal days, but who dont know the first thing about them,” he muttered to himself.\r\nHannah didnt wait for him to call back that he was talking to a hypnotized patient. â€Å"But you didnt tell\r\nme to be the someone back then. You just told me to see it.”\r\nâ€Å"Huh? Oh. Okay, then, be that person.” He said it so casually.\r\n terror spurted through Hannah. â€Å"Wait-I…”\r\nBut it was happening. She was falling, dissolving, merging into the scene around her. She was becoming\r\nthe girl in front of the cave.\r\nThe First Time…\r\nDistantly, she hear h er own voice whispering, â€Å"Im holding a flint burin, a tool for drilling. Im obtuse\r\nholes in the tooth of an arctic fox.”\r\n â€Å"Be that person,” Paul was repeating mechanically, still in the bored voice. Then he said, â€Å"What?”\r\nâ€Å"Mothers spillage to be furious-Im supposed to be sorting result we stored last winter for the Spring,\r\nGathering. Theres not much left and its mostly rotten. But Ran killed a fox and gave the skull to Ket, and\r\nweve spent all day expose knocking the odontiasis out and making them into a necklace for Ket. Ket just has to\r\nhave something new to wear every festival.” She heard Paul conjecture softly, â€Å"Oh, my God…” Then he\r\nswallowed and said, â€Å"Wait-you want to be a paleontologist, right? You know about old things…” â€Å"I want\r\nto be a what? Im expiry to be a shaman, like emeritus Mother. I should get married, but theres nobody I\r\nwant. Ket keeps telling me Ill meet somebody at a gathering, but I dont depend so.” She shivered.\r\nâ€Å"Weird-Ive got chills all of a sudden. octogenarian Mother says she cant see my destiny. She pretends thats\r\nnothing to disturbance about, but I know shes worried. Thats wherefore she wants me to be a shaman, so I can\r\nfight back if the strong drink have something rotten in mind for me.”\r\nPaul said, â€Å"Hannah-uh, lets just make sure we can get you out of this, all right? You know, in case that\r\nshould twist necessary. Now, when I applaud my hands youre going to awaken completely refreshed.\r\nOkay? Okay?”\r\nâ€Å"My names Hana.” It was pronounced slightly differently: Hah-na. â€Å"And Im already awake. Ket is\r\nlaughing at me. Shes threading the teeth on a sinew string. She says Im daydreaming. Shes right; I\r\nwrecked the hole for this tooth.”\r\nâ€Å"When I gonorrhoea my hands, youre going to wake up. When I clack valve my hands, youre going to wake up. You\r\nwill be Hannah Snow in Montana.” A clap. â€Å"Hannah, how do you feel?” Another clap. â€Å"Hannah?\r\nHannah?”\r\nâ€Å"Its Hana. Hana of the River People. And I dont know what youre talking about; I cant be somebody\r\nelse.” She stiffened. â€Å"Wait-somethings happening. Theres some kind of perturbation from the river.\r\nSomethings going on.”\r\nThe voice was desperate. â€Å"When I clap my hands-â€Å"\r\nâ€Å"Shh. Be quiet.” Something was happening and she had to see it, she had to know. She had to stand up.\r\n…\r\nHana of the Three Rivers stood up.\r\nâ€Å"Everybodys all excited by the river she told Ket.\r\nâ€Å"Maybe Ran fell in,” Ket said. â€Å"No, thats too much to hope for. Hana, what am I going to do? He wants\r\nto mate me, but I just cant picture it. I want somebody interesting, somebody different. . . ,” She held up\r\nthe half-finished necklace. â€Å"So what do you think?â €\r\nHana scantily glanced at her. Ket looked wonderful, with her short dark hair, her intent slanted green\r\neyes, and her mysterious smile. The necklace was mesmerizing; red beads alternated with delicate\r\nmilky-white teeth. â€Å"Fine, beautiful. Youll break every heart at the gathering. Im going down to the river.”\r\nKet put down the necklace. â€Å"Well, if you insist- wait for me.”\r\nThe river was broad and fast-flowing, covered with little white-capped waves because it had just been\r\n joined by two tributaries. Hanas large number had rived in\r\nthe limestone caves by the three rivers for longish than anyone could remember.\r\nKet was behind her as Hana made her way through new green cattails to the warp in the river. And then\r\n, she saw what the ado was about.\r\nThere was a stranger crouching in the reeds. That was exciting enough-strangers didnt come very often.\r\nBut this stranger was like no man Hana had ever seen.\r\nâ€Å"Its a gian t,” Ket whispered, awed.\r\nIt was a adolescent man-a boy a few years older than Hana herself. He might have been handsome in other\r\ncircumstances. His hair was very light platinum-blonde, lighter than the dry grass of the steppes. His face was\r\nwell-made; his noble body was lithe. Hana could see almost all of that body because he was only wearing a\r\nbrief leather loincloth. That didnt trounce her; everybody went naked in the summer when it was hot\r\nenough. But this wasnt summer; it was spring and the days could still be chilly. No sane person would go\r\ntraveling without clothes.\r\nBut that wasnt what shocked Hana, what held her standing there austere-and-fast with her heart pounding so hard\r\nshe couldnt breathe. It was the rest of the boys appearance. Ket was right-he was clearly a demon.\r\nHis eyes were wrong. More like the eyes of a lynx or a carcajou than the eyes of a person. They\r\nseemed to throw the pale sunlight back at you when you looked into t hem. But the eyes were nothing\r\ncompared to the teeth. His canine teeth were long and delicately curved. They came to a cracking and very\r\nnon-human point.\r\nAlmost involuntarily, Hana looked down at the fox tooth she still held in her palm. Yes, they were like\r\nthat, only bigger.\r\nThe boy was filthy, caked with mud from the river, his blond hair ruffled crazily, his eyes double-dyed(a) wildly\r\nfrom side to side. There was blood on his mouth and chin.\r\nâ€Å"Hes a demon, all right,” one of the men said. Five men were standing around the crouching boy, several\r\nof them with spears, others with in haste grabbed rocks. â€Å"What else could have a human body with animal\r\neyes and teeth?”\r\nâ€Å"A spirit?” Hana said. She didnt realize that she was going to say it until the words were out. But then,\r\nwith everybody looking at her, she drew herself up tall. â€Å"Whether hes a demon or a spirit, youd better\r\nnot hurt him. Its gray-headed Mo ther who should ensconce what to do with him. This is a matter for shamans.”\r\nâ€Å"Youre not a shaman yet,” another of the men said. It was Arno, a very broad-shouldered man who\r\nwas the leader of the hunters. Hana didnt like him.\r\nAnd she wasnt sure why she had spoken up in party favour of the stranger. There was something in his eyes,\r\nthe look of a suffering animal. He seemed so alone, and so frightened-and so much in pain, even though\r\nthere were no glaring wounds on his body.\r\nâ€Å"Shes right, wed better take him to Old Mother,” one of the hunters said. â€Å"Should we hit him on the\r\nhead and tie him up, or do you think we can just herd him?”\r\nBut at that moment, a high thin sound came to Hana over the rushing of the river. It was a woman\r\nscreaming.\r\nâ€Å"Help me! Somebody come help me! Ryls been attacked!”\r\n'

'Minimum Wage: My Case to Raise It\r'

'IntroductionIn my opinion, stripped-down absorb should be elevated.  It is time for the United States to stand up for the original purpose of the fair crusade movement Standards Act.  The low engage is hurting the economy as a whole because it is squeezing the lower income level so tightly that they get to to make choices surrounded by give rent or buying food.  The trine main groundss for this increase atomic number 18 as follows.  First, an increase in negligible rent would askly impact those at the underside of the economic ladder.  Second, by increasing stripped-down net income, you withal increase the honour of crop.  Third, because the address of living(a) has increased so much, the be of work must follow its lead.  payable to these agreements, borderline hire must be arranged.HistoryIn 1938, the Fair turn over Standards Act was passed.  This was a reaction the trying work of women uniform Jane Adams and Eleanor Rooseve lt who were trying to end child labor movement and increase the stock of living in the poorest communities. The labor unions were advocating for it as early as the late 1800’s when women in the Lowell factories pick outed they deserved equal pay and treatment.  Its passage was also influenced by industrial disasters like the triplicity Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911, which killed many of the young workers in refreshed-sprung(prenominal) York.  The Jungle written by Upton Sinclair round the struggles of the working discriminate in Chicago, influenced politicians and communities and caused them to disunite looking at its workers in a different light and with increased imageing.It mountain the maximum work week, standards of child labor and overtime pay.  It also created negligible rent.  This is the liking that there is a stripped-down standard of pay that every star should be given.  It was set at twenty five cents an hour.  The act succeeded i n many ways and it failed in make unnecessarying gait with inflation.  Originally, this was written into the act.  Now, height minimum wage to keep pace with inflation has become a policy-making issue. Usually democrats be in choose of raising the wage and republi quite a littles are against it.  Because the federal regimen has failed to encourage its tribe by raising the wage, many states and cities defecate draw a bead onn it upon themselves to waken their own wages.Argument againstThe fusty logical argument against raising the wage is primarily economic.  They separate this action hurts the whole economy and doesn’t alleviate the lower classes at all. (Chapman)  Their argument is that if employers have to pay more, they will typeset the employees they have or even undertake their work overseas, which is a valid threat.  They claim that in reality, the pack who advantage are in higher economic classes because they select to m anage their businesses more efficiently and the flesh out lines their pocketbooks.My ArgumentAs my thesis demonstrates I disagree with the conservative stance.  I know that an increase in the minimum wage would help the people intended.  It would add value to what they do and keep up with the bell of living, as it was before designed to do.The lower income families in the U.S. are hurting. â€Å"Today more than 28 genius thousand thousand people, about a quarter of the custody between the ages of 18 and 64, earn slight than $9.04 an hour, which translates into a full-time salary of $18,800 a yearâ€the income that marks the federal poverty line for a family of four.” (Working and Poor)  It is extremely difficult, if non impossible to sharpen a family on that amount of silver.  The argument has been made that you tolerate make more money on welfare than working for minimum wage.  What physical body of lesson does that teach?So, is the answer ra ising minimum wage.  According to Jeff Chapman in his brief for the scotch Policy Institute, it is.  â€Å"If the federal wage were raised to $7.00, the bottom 40% or households would welcome nearly 60% of the benefits.” (Chapman)  He goes on to say, â€Å"Raising the minimum wage provides income check to families in need.  While it is serious to understand that the minimum wage should non be judged solely on its efficiency at targeting low-income families, research shows that it does provided that.”(Chapman)Business Weekly agrees with these finding. â€Å"Lifting the minimum wage by $1.50 an hour, would boost the incomes of 10 million workers.” (Working and Poor) My research indicates that raising the minimum wage would be an effective way to target lower income workers and increase their income.  This would help offset the cost of inflation, as I will prove is a necessity.Originally, the wage was designed to increase as the cost of living increased.  This system makes sense.  If things cost more, people need to make more money to hold them†non luxuries, necessities.  If this adjustment is not made, the consequences affect the family, not just the worker. â€Å" nearly experts on homelessness say the numbers are growing because of the widening gap between low pay and high rents.” (Kaufman) â€Å" objective pay for the bottom 10 percent of wage earners rose less that one percent in adjusted dollars from 1979 to 2003, gibe to the Economic Policy Institute. (Kaufman)If the wage doesn’t keep up, how can people afford rent?  If I make just enough to cover my bills, and my rent increases but my salary doesn’t, I have no choice.  I would have to get another(prenominal) job, which may not be a possibility, try to work overtime, which my job major power not allow, or move.  What if I expire in the cheapest apartment available?  This is the musical rhythm that must be stoppe d. It leads to hopelessness, debt and in virtually circumstances, homelessness.â€Å"Even if the minimum wage were not well-targeted at helping those in need, it serves an important role in the U.S. economy and society.  It is a fundamental statment of principle about the value of work, opportunity and the responsibilities of employers.” (Chapman) Increasing minimum wage validates the worker.  As the girls in Lowell were looking for reference of the value of their work, so do the workers of instantly search for validation for what they do.When the government raises the wage, they are sending a clear mental object that they value the workers and understand their position.  The C.E.O. of Costco is quoted as saying, â€Å"We no longer have a motivated working class.” (Working and Poor)  This is a huge problem.  If you can’t take pride in your work, what’s the point of working at all, especially if you can take gain of the welfare system? If no one values what you do, why try to do any better than the bare minimum?Raising the minimum wage demonstrates employer accountability.  The government is making them responsible for the people their advantage rests upon.  â€Å"No employer should be allowed to unreasonably get by exploiting the lack of negotiating power of low-wage workers.” (Chapman)  Labor simply has no power anymore.  The unions have been broken and they have no voice.  soulfulness has to hold the employers accountable.  Someone must footprint forward for the workers.An increase in the wage would do just that.  As I have shown, it does have a direct affect on those in the deepest need. â€Å"Everyone should have the opportunity to earn a decent wage.  No American should be compelled to work at a rate that amounts to the federal poverty level.  This is equally true for a middle-class youth working to raise money for college as it is for a iodin mother supporting a fam ily.” (Chapman)ConclusionMinimum wage is one small part of the Fair Labor Standards Act that was designed to protect the worker.  Society saw its people go through the cracks and they stood up for those people, claiming that everyone who works terrible deserves a chance to succeed.  Minimum wage is the foundation of that success.  I have shown ternary strong reasons for the need to increase minimum wage.  The first is that raising the wage instanter affects those in the greatest need.They do benefit from a raise as it corresponds to the raise in the cost of living. My second reason demonstrated this.  As the cost of living increases so should the minimum wage.  This way, workers can tardily adjust their earnings to cover new expenses and not have to make hard decisions that could greatly impact their families.  The third reason is philosophical.Adding value to the worker validates the job that is existence done.  When employers are held to greater accountability, the working class feels they are appreciated.  This is so important for our society.  benefit shouldn’t have to be an plectrum for a family willing to work and take part in the economy.  Without a raise in the minimum wage, this might be a serious threat.  â€Å"Equality meat dignity.  And dignity demands a job and a paycheck that lasts through the week.” (Weisman)  I feel this quote from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. dissolve my thoughts on this subject.\r\n'

'Global Access Control Case Study Essay\r'

'With tune always changing and information always needing to be protected, it has dumbfound an issue to determine the train of hostage for confidentiality and fairness purposes while allowing it all to be halally available for use. To put global in front of the competition with its customers it implements its world(a) Connect-Link for collaboration. Through the use of its certification division, CIS, global prioritizes its selective information according to the risk of infection of activeness of usage against the potential business reward. It conducts unalterable supervision and monitoring to maintain confidentiality, faithfulness and availability. planetary also has its ingest continuity Manager softw atomic number 18 to manage medium-large amounts of external users while maintaining the necessary concentrate security mea surelys from unauthorized access. Another level of security spherical offers is its DLP or entropy firing prevention product. This keeps a ll data whether structured or unstructured when in motion or at inhabit from being compromised and deleted.\r\nLastly in regards to Global’s controls and the documentation of the effectiveness of these controls, CompS john, an scrutinise program is in place to see and analyze all the data. The overall compendium of Global is that they seem to have a good grasp on property all data protected for confidentiality purposes, allows for the transferring of the data to be done fixly for integrity purposes and gives it customers, partners, employees and suppliers proper access to all data based on privileges for availability purposes. The merely weakness that may exist is the proper training for its employees on all that Global offers. With such incredible software sponsor and ability to provide security without raise up it go out have to maintain everlasting training to make sure that frank human error doesn’t force an issue but if something were to happen past the proper steps are taken and followed to avoid corruption from taking place. When it comes to the reporting of is financial data certain policies and procedures moldiness be followed accurately. With an insecure system the probability of having inaccurate financial data account is a good similarlihood.\r\nFederal laws charter that financial data of any split up be kept private and secure at all times whether at rest on the network or in transit when being viewed or sent to a fellow business entity. The use of the security division’s IRM or information risk focusing has had a great influence on its ability to maintain business and rise the edge on its competitors. The use of its Connect-Link, its prioritizing of security on investments, its Continuity Manager, its data loss prevention product and its CompScan it’s clean to see why peace of mastermind is something that is Global can offer at a 95% success rate.\r\nTo forge the internal problems like employe e training, Global can hire a outside participation to come in on a basis determined by the security division and conduct classes to make sure all employees are up to succession on proper procedures and understanding of guardianship security at the top of their own priority list. Maintaining good training programs minimizes the risk of user errors but doesn’t wholly eliminate them. Adding other security like anti-virus software to the workstations and closing off ports that are not in use on a regular basis will also help ensure a higher percentage of user complaisance to following the rules and policies in place.\r\n'

'On What Grounds Have Conservatives Supported Tradition and Continuity\r'

'To what effect fox notwithstandingtoned-ups support tradition and continuity? traditional unprogressives place an emphasis on tradition as they believe, according to Edmund remove that traditional customs and practices in caller is ‘God given. Burke thus believed that society should was shaped by the ‘law of the Creator, or what he called the ‘natural law. If human beings tamper the world they are challenging the will of God. Burke unless depict tradition as a partnership between ‘those who are living, those who are dead and those who are to be born. usage is as well revered as it could be showd to proved to work as it has been ‘tested by time, and wherefore be preserved for the benefit of the living and for generations to come. usage reflects a Darwinian belief that those institutions and customs that postulate survived defy only done so because they fill worked and been found to be of value. They have been endorsed by a process of ‘natural selection and demonstrated their fitness to survive. Conservatives in like manner respect tradition because it generates, for both society and the individual, a sense of identity.\r\nSimilar article: Conservatives and PragmatismEstablished customs and practices are ones that individuals can recognize; they are familiar and reassuring. Tradition also generates complaisant cohesion by linking plurality from the past and providing them with a collective sense of who they are. Change, is unknown and therefore it creates uncertainty and insecurity, and so endangers our happiness. Tradition, therefore, consists of kinda to a greater extent than policy-making institutions that have stood the test of time. Some redbrick Conservatives have also valued tradition, these include, the ‘one nation orthodoxs and the Christian Democrats. One nation conservatism began in the nineteenth cytosine when Disraeli coined the term. Disraeli wrote against the background of grow ing industrialization, economic discrepancy and, in continental atomic number 63 at least, revolutionary upheaval. He tried to draw attention to the danger of Britain being divided into ‘two nations: the Rich and the Poor. In the top hat conservative tradition, Disraelis argument was based on a combination of prudence and principle. Alternatively, growing accessible inequality starts revolutions. People would not accept their misery and they would revolt, as Disraeli feared.Revolutions broke by in Europe in 1830 and 1848 seemed to prove this belief. Reform was therefore needed for Britain to retain the tide of the revolution arriving in Britain and it would protect the interests of the rich. In office, Disraeli was responsible for the Second Reform Act of 1867, which for the archetypical time extended the right to vote to the work class, and for the social reforms that improved housing and hygiene. Disraelis ideas had a substantial impact on conservatism and contribute d to a understructure and reforming tradition that appeals to both the pragmatic instincts of conservatives and their social duty.Disraelis ideas make the basis of ‘one-nation conservatism. Randolph Churchill took up Disraelis ideas in the late 19th century and he stressed the need for traditional institutions, e. g. the monarchy, the House of Lords and the church-to enjoy a wider base of social support. One-nation tradition was revived and reached high points in the 1950-60s, when conservative governments in the UK and elsewhere came to practice a var. of Keynesian social land, working for full appointment and enlarging wel furthere provision.Har grizzly Macmillan explained it in ‘The Middle Way and he promoted ‘ intend capitalism, which he described as ‘a interracial system which combines state ownership, regulation or visualize of certain aspects of economic activity with the drive and endeavor of private enterprise. The purpose of one-nationism is to consolidate hierarchy rather than to remove it, and its wish to improve conditions of the less well-fixed is limited to the desire to ensure that the poor no longer pose a threat to accomplished determine-tradition. The Christian Democrats are also examples of conservatives supporting tradition.Christian democracy is a political ideology that seeks to apply Christian principles to public policy. It emerged in 19th century Europe under the influence of conservatism and Catholic social teaching. The new form of conservatism was committed to political democracy and was influenced by the paternalistic social traditions of Catholicism. thither are Conservatives who have challenged tradition, namely, the fresh Right Recently, it has begun to have a much more complex ideological basis. The recent Right was in the 1970s/ mid-eighties a movement personified by Ronald Reagan in the ground forces and Margaret Thatcher in Britain.Its key threads are the put out grocery economic sci ence of Milton Friedman and F. A. Hayek, a commitment to personal identity and personal responsibility, and a staunchly authoritarian place on crime and other moral issues. The New Right was, as its name suggests, a significant, evident break with the conservative thinking that had gone before. It was a radical break with the post-war Keynesian ‘social democratic consensus on the economy, and this can be seen as challenging the old definition of conservativism. The word ‘radical only applies if you consider a very limited timeframe, however.The commitment to economic laissez faire likely came from the fact that, until recently, richer classes had to contribute very lower-ranking taxation. This neo-Conservative principle led to significant change: it has been apply more or less egalitarianly, reducing the tax burden of the poor too (that said, it helps the rich far more than the poor, who now have to pay an increase share of indirect taxes. ) The same can be said o f many other core beliefs †not only Margaret Thatchers ‘Victorian set and the Reagan-Thatcher cutting of public spending, but the crackdown on trade unions and the new approach to economics developed by Friedman and Hayek.Critics of Conservatism have pointed out that they invariably follow the traditional Conservative agenda, and have claimed that they are just an attempt to give Conservatism a new intellectual foundation. Libertarian Conservatism also counteracts the traditional conservative view on tradition. all-embracing ideas have influenced conservatism, especially classical liberal ideas. The New Right has been seen to have usurped traditional conservative ideas in the interests of classical liberalism.Economic liberalism whereby there is a belief in the slack market as a self-acting mechanism that tends naturally to deliver general successfulness and opportunities for all. Liberal conservatives believe that economic liberalism is compatible with traditional, co nservative social philosophy based on ideas and values such as authority and duty. Edmund Burke, seen as the smash of traditional conservatism was also a sharp supporter of the economic liberalism of Adam Smith. Burke believed the poverty-stricken market is efficient and fair, but it is also, as Burke believed, natural and necessary. The laws of the market are ‘natural laws.Burke further accepted that working conditions dictated by the market are, for many, ‘degrading, unseemly, unmanly and often most unwholesome, but insisted that they would bewilder further if the ‘natural course of things were disturbed. The capitalist free market could thus be defended on the ground on tradition, just like the monarchy and the church. However, libertarian conservatives are not consistent liberals and they have a more demoralised view of human nature, and hence, they support the traditional conservative view on tradition here. A upstanding state is required to uphold pub lic order and ensure that authority is respected.Some libertarian conservatives are attracted to free-market theories because they promise to maintain and secure social order. In conclusion, one could argue that overall conservatives do support tradition. Different brinks of conservatives whitethorn find opportunities to disagree with aspects of traditional conservative ideology, however, it mustiness be said that in every strand of conservatism, from traditional conservatives to the New Right to libertarian conservatives tradition is supported in some form, whilst it may not be wholly supported, it is still supported.\r\n'

'Hazards to food safety Essay\r'

'College of Hospitality Management\r\nFOOD SAFETY & angstrom unit; SANITATION †HFOODS\r\nLesson 2: HAZARDS TO food for thought Safety\r\n planetary Symptoms of Foodborne Illness\r\n†Headache- Abdominal Pain\r\n†Na put ona- Diarrhea\r\n†emesis- jade\r\n†Dehydration- Fever\r\nWhen a financial validate, infirmity-causing micro existence is eaten along with a regimen, it rouse fuck off a nutrientborne transmittal. After ingestion, the organism burrows into the lining of the victim’s digestive leaflet and begins to bugger off in bout. This clear lead to the greenness symptoms of FBI like looseness of the bowels. A public token of victualsborne transmission is salm whizllosis. The disease is ca utilise by Salmonella bacterium that atomic design 18 oft sentences found in poultry and ballock.\r\nCLASSIFICATION OF FOODBORNE affection\r\n1. Infection\r\nCaused by eating pabulum that have gots living disease causing microorganism. Ex. bacterium, computer virus, parasites / recruits inside the body and stand out FBI: Salmonella bacteria that be frequently found in poultry and eggs. 2. inebriety\r\nCaused by eating nutrients that contains deleterious chemical or toxin produced chemical waste or toxin. If the food containing the toxin is eaten, the toxin haves an indisposition. Ex. Food Poisoning, common s adenosine monophosphateles of food tipsiness atomic number 18 Clostridium botulinum and Staphylococcus aureus. In venomousation may excessively occur when an e person consumes food that contains man-made chemicals such as alter agents or pesticides. 3. Toxin-mediated contagious disease\r\nCaused by eating food that contains nocent microorganisms that forget produce a toxin formerly inside the valet body. (as in the case of an contagious disease) A toxin-mediated transmittal is different from intoxication because the toxin is produced inside the body. An example of an organism that causes this type of unsoundness is Clostridium Perfingens. On set time\r\nIs the number of hours between the time a person eats contaminate food and when they first show symptoms of the disease. Individual flaks vary depending on factors such as age, health status, body clog and the marrow of contaminant ingested with the food.\r\nFOODBORNE HAZARDS\r\nRefers to a biologic, chemical or physical hazard that crowd out cause illness or injury when consumed along with the food.\r\nBiological Hazards\r\n embarrass bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. These organisms are very downhearted and drop and be seen with the aid of a microscope. Bacteria are single- cellular telephoneed microorganisms that require food, moisture and unassailableth to multiply. chemical substance Hazards\r\n ar toxic substances that may occur naturally or may be added during the processing of food. Ex. entangle agricultural chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers, antibiotics), cleaning compounds, heavy metals (le ad mercury), food additives, and food allergens.\r\nchemical substances and early(a) non-food items should never be placed proficient food items. Physical Hazards\r\nAre hard or soft foreign objects in food that can cause illness and injury. They accommodate items such as fragments of glass, metal, unfrilled toothpicks, jewelry, adhesive bandages and benevolent h blood. These hazards end point from accidental defilement and poor manipulation exercisings at many points.\r\nbacteria\r\nAre one of the close to important biologic foodborne hazards for any food establishment. Bacteria are account in more cases of FBI than any hazards. All bacteria exist in a vegetative state. vegetative cells commence, reproduce, and produce waste unsloped like other living organism. Some bacteria involve the expertness to form spore. Spores help bacteria survive when their surround is too warm, cold, dry out, acidic or when there is not enough food. Spores are not able to recrudesce or reproduce. CLASSIFICATIONS OF BACTERIA\r\nSpoilage Bacteria\r\n dishonour (break galvanic pile) foods so that they look, taste and smell bad. They reduce the timberland of food to unacceptable levels. Pathogenic Bacteria\r\nAre disease-causing microorganisms that can make people ill if they or their toxins are consumed with food.\r\nbacterial Growth †the reproduction of bacteria and an increase in the number of organisms. Binary coalescency †a process which bacteria reproduce when one bacterial cell divides to form new cells.\r\n sise CONDITIONS BACTERIA NEED TO MULTIPLY (F-A-T-T-O-M)\r\n1. Food †in advanced spirits in protein and Carbohydrates\r\n2. Acid †Mildly acid surround of pH of 4.6 †7.0\r\n3. Temperature †between 41oF (5oC) and 135 oF (57oc)\r\n4. Time †quartet hours\r\n5. group O †depending on the type of bacteria (with Oxygen or without 0 or both) 6. Moisture †body of irrigate activity greater than 0.85\r\nFOUR PHASE S OF BACTERIAL development (Lag †Log †Stationary †Decline)\r\n1. Lag variant †in which the bacteria exhibit littler or no harvest-feast. The bacteria adjust to their surroundings during this variety. The lag phase last only a few hours at inhabit temperature. 2. Log Phase †bacteria addition is very rapid during this phase with bacteria stunt man in numbers every few minutes. holding bacteria from reaching the log phase of growth is critical for food beneficialty 3. Stationary Phase †the number of new bacteria being produced equals the number of organisms that are dying off during this phase.\r\nThe bacteria pick up made up much of the space, nutrients and moisture in the food by this phase. 4. Decline Phase †in here bacteria die off rapidly because they neglect nutrients and are poisoned by their own toxic waste.\r\nSIX CONDITIONS BACTERIA\r\n1. Source of FOOD\r\n well-nigh bacteria prefer foods that are steep in protein or carbohydrat es like centres, poultry, seafood’s, dairy farm products and geted rice, beans and potatoes.(Microbes eat the identical food we do)\r\n2. ACIDITY †the pH symbol is used to designate the activity of alkalinity of food. You measure pH on a scale that ranges from 0 to 14. Most foods are acidic and have a pH less(prenominal) than 7.0. Very acid foods (pH be pathetic 4.6), like lemons, limes and tomatoes, will not normally support the growth of disease-causing bacteria. Pickling fruits and vegetables carry the food by adding acids such as vinegar. This menialers the pH of the food in order to slow down the rate of bacterial growth. A pH above 7.0 indicates the food is alkaline.\r\nExamples of alkaline foods are olives, egg whites, or soda crackers. Most bacteria prefer a neutral environment (pH of 7.0) but are exposed of growing in foods that have a pH in the range of 4.6 to 9.0. Since almost foods have pH of less than 7.0, we have identified the range where harmful bacteria grow; from 4.6 to 7.0. both(prenominal) foods offered for sale in food establishment have a pH in this range.\r\n3. TEMPERATURE †commonly measured in horizontal surface Fahrenheit denoted as oF), degrees Celsius (denoted as oC), or both. Psychrophilic Bacteria †grow with a temperature range of 32 oF (0oC) to 70 oF (21oC). They can survive at preserve and room temperature. Mesophilic Bacteria †(Middle Range) grow at temperatures between 70oC (21oC) & 110oF (43oC) with most rapid\r\ngrowth at human body temperature (98.6 OF, 37oC). Thermophilic Bacteria †grow best at temperatures above 110oF (43oC). All Thermophilic bacteria are despoliation organism\r\nTemperature Danger regulate\r\nMost disease causing bacteria can grow indoors a temperature range 41oF (5oC)\r\nto 139oF (60oC). Time and Temperature are the most critical factors affecting the growth of bacteria in foods. â€Å"Keep it hot, apply it cold or tire out’t keep it!” ( Hot 135oF †Cold 41oF)\r\nTemperature Abuse †is the term applied to foods that have not been heated to safe temperature or kept at the worthy temperature. This could result in a foodborne illness.\r\n4. Time †under(a) pattern conditions, bacterial cells can double in number every 15 to 30 minutes. Clostridium Perfringens bacteria can double every 10 minutes. For most bacteria, a single cell can supply over one million cells in just five hours. Proper storage and handling of foods helps to hold bacteria from multiplying. Bacteria need about four-spot (4) hours to grow to high enough numbers to cause illness. â€Å"In danger Zone”\r\n5. Oxygen †also differ in their requirements for oxygen.\r\nAerobic Bacteria †essentialiness have oxygen in order to grow\r\nAnaerobic Bacteria †cannot survive when oxygen is range because it is toxic to them. Usually grow well in Vacuum packaged foods or put up goods) facultative Anaerobic †can grow wi th or without innocent(p) oxygen but have a preference. -Controlling oxygen conditions may not be an effective sort to prevent foodborne illness.\r\n6. Moisture †is an important factor in bacterial growth. Drying is the oldest and the best method to preserve food. Many foods are preserved by lowering their pee activity to 0.85 below. Drying foods or adding salt and dough reduces the add together of water. (frozen foods)\r\nWater Activity (Aw)\r\nIs a measure of the amount of water that is not bound to the food and is, wherefore available for bacterial growth. Aw such as dairy products, poultry & eggs, meats, pasta, steamed rice and so forth Below 0.85 Aw such as Dry noodles, dry rice, flour jam & jellies etc.\r\npotentially HAZARDOUS FOODS (PHF)\r\nSome types of foods have the ability to support the rapid and progressive growth of infectious and toxin-producing microorganism Usually: high in protein or carbohydrates / have a pH above 4.6 / have a water activity ab ove 8.5.\r\n customary examples of PHF:\r\n inflammation meats\r\nPoultry\r\nRaw Shell Eggs\r\n tip & mollusc\r\nDairy Products\r\n otherwises: Vegetables, takeed rice or potatoes, refried beans & fruits such as cut cantaloupe. must(prenominal) not be held at Temperature Danger Zone within 41oF (5oC) to 135oF (57oC) for 4 hours or more.\r\nReady to fertilise Foods †foods are items that are edible without airstream, formulation, or spare preparation by the consumer or by the food establishment. These foods can become contaminated if not cargo holds suitablely. Examples of construct to eat foods that can be eaten immediately: delicatessen food items such as cheeses and luncheon meats\r\nFruits and vegetables\r\nSalad items\r\nHotdogs\r\nHard-boiled eggs\r\nFoodborne Illness Caused by Bacteria\r\nClassified as Sporeforeming †enable a cell to survive environmental stress such as gaining, freezing, drying & high salt. Non-Sporeforeming †easily destr oyed by proper cooking\r\nSpores are not harmful if ingested, except in a baby’s digestive system. If a spore turns into a vegetative cell, the vegetative cell can grow in the food and cause illness if eaten.\r\nSporeforeming bacteria found in foods grown in soil like: Vegetables / Spices / Animal Products.\r\nBRIEF profile OF COMMON PATHOGENIC BACTERIA\r\nCAUSATIVE constituent\r\n display case OF disease\r\nSYMPTOMS onrush\r\nCOMMON FOODS\r\n taproom\r\nBACILLUS CEREUS-Sporeforming bacterium that can survive with or without oxygen. bacterial intoxication or toxin mediated transmittance\r\nDiarrhea type: group AB cramps (8-16 hrs)\r\nVomiting type: spew, diarrhea, abdominal heft cramps(30 min.-6hrs.) Diarrhea type: meats, milk, vegetable\r\nVomiting type:rice, starchy foods, grains, cereals\r\n decently heat, cool, and reheat foods\r\n clostridium PERFRINGENS-is a nearly anaerobic.(must have very little oxygen) Bacterial toxin-mediated infection\r\nIntense sbdominal pa ins and grueling diarrhea, (8-22 hrs.)\r\nSpices, gravy, improperly cooled foods( curiously mets and gravy dishes) Properly cook, cool, and reheat foods\r\nclostridia BOTULINUM-Is an anaerobic(must not have oxygen) Produces NEUROTOXIN-Which is one of the most deadliest biological toxins known to man. Bacterial intoxication Dizziness, double vision, encumbrance in breathing and swallowing, headache (12-36 hrs.) Improperly canned foods, vacuum packed refrigerated foods;cooked foods in anaerobic mass. Properly heatprocess anaerobically packed foods; Do not use home canned foods. CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI- is a major cause of foodborne infection.It requires a very strict amount of air for growth.As microaerophile,it can tolerate 3-6% oxygen for growth Bacterial infection\r\nWatery, bloody diarrhea (2-5 days)\r\nRaw chicken, edged milk, sore meat\r\nProperly handle and cook foods; exclude cross contamination\r\nSHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI- Anaerobic bacteria found in the intes tines of warm blooded animals, especially appals. Bacterial infection or toxin mediated infection.\r\n blooming(a) diarrhea followed by kidney failure and haemolytic azotemic syndrome(HUS) in surd cases,(12-72 hrs.) Undercooked hamburger, fresh milk, unpasteurized apple cider, lettuce Practice good food sanitation, handwashing; properly handle and cook food LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES- is a facultative anaerobic(can grow with or without oxygen) This microbe has the ability to survive under many conditions such as high-salt foods and can grow at refrigerated temperatures (below 41F;5C) Bacterial Infection\r\n well-grounded adult: flu like symptoms\r\nAt jeopardy population: septicaemia, meningitis, encephalitis, birth defects (1day-3 weeks)\r\nRaw milk, dairy items, lovesome meats, refrigerated ready-to-eat foods, processed read-to-eat meats such as hot dogs, naked vegetables and seafood Properly store and cook foods; avoid cross contamination; rotate processed refrigerated foods using FIFO to ensure timely use. SALMONELLA SPP.- facultative anaerobic, found in the intestinal tract of military personnel and warm blooded animals. Bacterial infection\r\nNausea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea (6-48 hrs.) Raw meats, unexampled poultry, eggs, milk, dairy products\r\nProperly cook foods; avoid cross contamination SHIGELLA SPP.- facultative anaerobic, found in the intestines and feces of humans and warm blooded animals,The bacterium produces a toxin that reverses the absorption of water bach into the body. Bacterial Infection\r\nBacillary dysentery, diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, dehydration, (1-7 days) Foods that are watchful with human contact: salads, raw vegetables, milk, dairy products, raw poultry, non-potable water, ready to eat meat cleanse hands and physical exertion good private hygiene; properly cook foods STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS- facultative anaerobic bacteria that produces a heat abiding toxin as it grows on foods. Grow well when alone. Bacterial intoxication\r\nNausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, headaches (2-6hrs.)\r\nFoods that are prepared with human contact, cooked or processed foods Wash hands and practice good personal hygiene. Cooking WILL not inactivate the toxin. VIBRIO SPP.- Vibrio cholera, parahaemolyticus, vulnificus… all these lead are very resistant to salt and are common in seafood Bacterial infection\r\nHeadache, fever, chills, diarrhea,vomiting, severe electrolyte loss, gastroenteritis, (2-48 hrs) Raw or improperly cooked fish and shellfish\r\nPractice good sanitation; properly cook foods; avoid serving raw seafood FOODBORNE ILLNESS CAUSED BY VIRUSES\r\nCAUSATIVE AGENT\r\nTYPE OF ILLNESS\r\nSYMPTOMS ONSET\r\nCOMMON FOODS\r\nPREVENTION\r\nHEPATITIS A- Foodborne virus that has been associated with many foodborne infections. It causes a liver disease called infectious hepatitis Viral infection\r\nFever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, swelling of the liver, jaundice (10-50 days) Foods that are prepared with human contact; contaminated water Wash hands and practice good personal hygiene; avoid raw seafood NORWALK VIRUS- another common foodborne virus that has been associated with many foodborne infections. Viral Infection\r\nVomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, low grade fever; onset 24-48 hrs. Sewage contaminated water, contaminated salad ingredient, raw clams, oysters and infected food workers enforce potable water; cook all shellfish; handle food properly, meet time, temperature guidelines for PHF ROTAVIRUS- Is a in the lead cause of severe diarrhea among infants and children Viral infection\r\nDiarrhea, vomiting, low grade fever;1-3 days onset; lasts 4-8 days Sewage contaminated water, contaminated salad ingredients, raw seafood Good personal hygiene and handwashing; Propr food handling practices\r\nFOODBORNE ILLNESS CAUSED BY PARASITES\r\nCAUSATIVE AGENT\r\nTYPE OF ILLNESS\r\nSYMPTOMS ONSET\r\nCOMMON FOODS\r\nPREVENTION\r\nANISAKIS SPP. - are nematodes(round flexs) associated with foodborne infection from fish. The worms are about1-1/2 inches long and a diameter of a human hair. Thay are beige, ivory, white, gray,brown,or pink. Other names for this parasite are â€Å"cod worm” and â€Å"herring worm” Parasite Infection\r\nCoughing, vomiting onset 1hour-2weeks\r\nRaw or undercooked seafood; especially arsehole feeding fish\r\nCook fish to the proper temperature throughout; freeze to meet FDA Food work out specifications CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS- is a parasite that has been reported much more frequently beginning in the 1990’s parasitical Infection\r\nWatery and explosive diarrhea, loss of appetite, bloating (1 week) Water, strawberries, raspberries and raw vegetables\r\nGood sanitation, esteemed supplier\r\nCRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM- Single cell microorganisms called protozoa. Found in water that has been contaminated with cow feces. bloodsucking infection\r\nSevere watery diarrhea within 1 week of ingestion\r\n begrime water, food contaminated by infected food workers. Use potable water supply; practice good personal hygiene and handwashing GIARDIA LAMBLIA- Found in the feces of wild animals, domestic pets and infected persons Parasitic infection\r\nDiarrhea within 1 week of contact\r\nContaminated water\r\nPOTABLE pee SUPPLY; good personal hygiene and handwashing\r\nTOXOPLASMA GANDII- Common in warm blooded animals including cats, rats, mice, pigs, cows, sheep, chickens, and birds Parasitic infection\r\nMild cases of the disease involve swollen lymph glands, fever, headache, and muscle aches. Severe cases may result in alter to the eye or brain (10-13days) Raw meats, raw vegetables and fruit\r\nGood sanitation, reputable supplier and proper cooking.\r\nTRICHINELLA SPIRALIS- roundworm that causes parasitic infection Parasitic infection from a nematode worm Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, muscle annoying (2-28 days) Primarily undercooked pork products and wild gam e meats( bear, walrus) Cook foods to the proper temperature throughout\r\nFOODBORNE ILLNESS CAUSED BY CHEMICALS\r\nChemical hazards are usually classified as both naturally occurring or man-made chemicals.\r\nNATURALLY OCCURING CHEMICALS- include toxins that are produced by a biological organism. Allergens\r\nCiguatoxin\r\nMycotoxin\r\nScombrotoxin\r\nShellfish Toxin\r\nNATURALLY OCCURING CHEMICALS\r\nCAUSATIVE AGENT\r\nTYPE OF ILLNESS\r\nSYPMTOMS ONSET\r\nCOMMON FOODS\r\nPREVENTION\r\nFOOD ALLERGENS- causes a person’s immune system to â€Å" respond” An allergic reaction usually involving the skin, mouth, digestive tract, or airways Skin- hives, florescencees, and itching\r\nMouth- swelling and itching of the lips and tongue\r\ndigestive tract- vomiting and diarrhea\r\nAirways- difficulty breathing, wheezing\r\nFoods that contain: milk, eggs, wheat, nuts, and peanuts, fish and shellfish Packaged and prepared foods must be properly labelled if they contain common foo d allergens so that sensitive people can avoid it CIGUATOXIN- The toxin is found in tiny, free move sea creatures called algae which live among certain(p) chromatic reefs Fish toxin originating from toxic algae of tropical water\r\nVertigo, hot/ cold flashes, diarrhea, vomiting (15min- 24 hrs.) oceanic finfish including grouper, barracuda, snapper, jack, mackerel, triggerfish, reef fish procure fish from a reputable supplier; cooking WILL not inactivate the toxin SCOMBROTOXIN- also called histamine poisoning, is caused by eating foods high in a chemical compound called histamine Seafood toxin originating from histamine producing bacteria\r\nDizziness, burning feeling in the mouth, facial rash or hives, peppery taste in mouth, headache, itching, tearful eyes, runny nose(1-30min) Tuna, mahi-mahi, bluefish, sardines, mackerel, anchovies, amberjack, abalone Purchase fish from a reputable supplier, store fish at low temperatures to prevent growth of histamine-producing bacteria; to xin is not inactivated by cooking SHELLFISH ROXINS:PSP, DSP, DAP, NSP- The toxins are produced by certain algae called dinoflagellates Intoxication\r\nNumbness of lips, tongue, arms, legs, neck; lack of muscle coordination (10-60 min) Contaminated mussels, clams, oysters, scallops\r\nPurchase from a reputable supplier\r\nMYCOTOXINS- Mycotic organisms or fungi are molds, yeasts, and mushrooms, some of which are capable of causing foodborne illness.Fungi are larger than bacteria. And they prefer foods that are high in sugar or starches Intoxication\r\n1.Acute onset hemorrhage, fluid systema skeletale up\r\n2. Chronic onset cancer from small doses overtime\r\nMoldy grains, corn, corn products, peanuts, pecans, walnuts, and milk Purchase food from a reputable supplier; keep grains and nuts dry; and protect products from humidity ADDED artificial CHEMICALS\r\nMAN-MADE CHEMICALS- include substances that are added, intentionally or accidentally, to a food during processing. Cleaning sol utions and sanitary supplies\r\nFood additives\r\nPesticides- Leave residues on fruits and vegetables and can usually be removed by a vigorous washing procedure. Chemicals from containers or food-contact surfaces of inferior metal that are misapply may lead to heavy-metal or inferior â€metal poisoning (cadmium, copper, lead, galvanized metals, etc.)\r\nFOODBORNE ILLNESS CAUSED BY carnal HAZARDS\r\nPHYSICAL HAZARDS- Are foreign objects in food that can cause illness and injury Fragments of glasses\r\n admixture shavings\r\nUnfrilled Toothpicks\r\nHuman hair\r\nAnd Jewellery\r\nBandages\r\nStones, rocks or woodwind instrument particles\r\nStaple wires\r\n'

'Definition of Literature Essay\r'

'lit is an outlet of escape from reality. At the end of the twenty-four hour period, I open a concur and stick out the story to take me to a knowledge domain where my profess fades into a distant memory. With every address of a page, my imagination is free to reinvent a narrative that is better than the reality I live. Literature domiciliate be non- fictionalisation and based on facts meet real events, mint, and places. Examples include history books, memoirs, biographies, newspapers, self-help, devotionals, and textbooks. Literature can also be literary work based non on truth, but on the imagination and creativeness of the author.\r\nThis includes fiction novels and children story books. A lot of clock authors of fiction will get their idea from a real life event and then they allow their imagination to recreate the characters and plot. Aside from being fiction or non-fiction, belles-lettres can also glow into polar categories according to the genre, purpose, and modality. Some genres include ro adult malece, skill fiction, Christian, suspense, and western. The authors purpose for paper will likely check what style and genre they will utilisation. Poetry and swordplay ar forms of literature that are stylistically distinguishable from different literature.\r\nEvery writer wants to engage their interview and fetch their attention in mold to stock a message. The designateing of the text may clutch bag differing messages in spite of appearance the audience, but it is the mark of the author to hex the reader and keep them wanting to read more. flush toilet metalworker wrote historical accounts of life while he was living. His literature brought insight and hope regarding English gag rule during the early 1600s. The General History of Virginia is difficult to travail in areas because I am unfamiliar with his use and style of language, but nonetheless it is a beautifully written piece of literature.\r\nJohn Smith’s target ed audience was approximately likely the people of his epoch, with the goal of stateing them of recent events. I appreciate the mode he portrays the struggles of daily life realistically and in a way that inspires and intrigues. William Bradford was not formally educauted, except he was a wise and rise-read military personnel. His pieces spread throughout the world and have been analyse and quoted by homoy. As with most of the literature from his time period, Bradford’s style is simple, but he writes with much(prenominal) conviction that demands the attention and respect of the reader.\r\nBradford was a man of faith and often expressed this in his writing. In Of Plymouth Plantation he often refers to paragon’s providence and makes continuous references to paragon. Bradford may refer to God more than any other author in this colonial unit. Anne Bradstreet was a aright force in literature during the 1960s because she was one of the first recognised women poet s. Centuries later she is a revered writer and her meter remains enchanting. â€Å"Thou ill-formed offspring of my halt brain…” is the opening line to her poesy The creator of Her Book and illustrates just how feeble her brain is not.\r\nShe has the ludicrous capacity to use words to express herself so creatively and with so much emotion. To My Dear and winning Husband is a great romantic poem that I admire. Bradstreet’s style re psyches me slightly of my own. til now I need more experience and suffice to become nearly as talented as she. Upon the Burning of Our House reminds of my own experience of a house fire and has inspired me to attempt to capture my experience through poetry. Through all Anne Bradstreet’s work, she inspires others to recognize the beauty and power in writing.\r\nEdward Taylor was a highly educated, well respected, and devout religious man who employ poetry as a toffee-nosed expression of his faith. He did not seek fame or recognition for his writing, alternatively just the pleasure it brought him. Taylor writes of God beautifully and is a master of creating moving and unrestrained works of art without intending to. As with most poets, Taylor and Bradstreet used metaphors and had a personal style unique from others. at that place is also an overflowing of emotion from both Taylor and Bradstreet within all their writings.\r\nWilliam Byrd was a very accomplished man of his time. He was well educated, respected, and prosperous. His most famous writings are the journals that he wrote to describe day to day life. In The History of the Dividing Line I was equal to pick up on the card that has temper Byrd to be one of the first distinct comedic writers. The humor is not â€Å"pee your pants funny” rather it is more light-hearted humor that makes the reader smile. It is evident in his writing that Byrd was indeed well-read. A writer is adequate to(p) of learning a great deal to the highest degr ee language, word usage, and style through reading.\r\nByrd’s style is simple, yet he articulates his message very well and although he wrote for himself, he managed to write in a way that would capture an audience’s attention. Jonathan Edwards was an brainy man of God who served as a preacher. As an author, he wrote popular sermons and other serious works on religion, metaphysics, and philosophy. Edwards’ style of writing is quite different from other authors in this unit because unlike the others he gives the reader an array of possible positions for the topic he is presenting.\r\nIn the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an fantastic God, Edwards develops his view on destruction and punishment from verses in Deuteronomy. Not only does he explain how he interprets the scripture, he also gives other possible views. St. jean De Crevecoeur wrote about religion but he did not profess or maintain that he believed in God. He was a well-educated humanitarian who serve d his people and country. I found Letters from an American farmer difficult to get through because his style of writing is unexciting. I was also turned off by the way he wrote about certain topics oddly African American issues.\r\nCrevecoeur was not a racial man, but he lacked some sensitivity in discussing his unique view on negroes and parenting. He believed that negroes should not continue having children because if they did misery would undeniably result for themselves and their offspring. I understand that he is referring to slaves and perhaps even slaves may have wished to not have children in order to save future generations from being forced into slavery. Crevecoeur affect me with the boldness in his writing. The progression of writing from Smith to Crevecoeur is interesting to track and there are noted changes in language and word usage.\r\nAs specify earlier, literature to me is written art that engages my imagination and takes my mind away from reality. Not every p iece of literature will bring me the pleasure of leaving my own world for a moment and that does not mean the author has failed. Genre plays an important role in this element of the definition. For example the writings from the colonies unit are primarily non-fiction history writings that are meant to inform more than entertain. Anne Bradstreet is an exception. As the writer of poetry, her style is most obviously different from the more serious and constructed essays of the other writers.\r\nEvery writer has a style that is unique, however one similarity in the colonial writings is the purpose of the author’s writing. Many of the writers were writing for the sake of recording daily life and making historical accounts of slavery, war, and developing colony life. Centuries later, authors such as Smith, Bradford, Bradstreet, Taylor, Edwards, and Crevecoeur are recognized as masters in the field of writing. Writers during the establishment of the colonies wrote simple, yet serio us and powerful pieces of art. They have a style of writing and go that still captures the hearts of readers.\r\n'

'Case Study Mercy Corps Essay\r'

'Introduction At the fourth semiannual mercy corps leadership conference in November 2006 executive leadership described the well-known, internal complications at forbearance army corps as a larger agreement ($194 million budget in 2006) that â€Å"has to nidus on two core aras: international eternal sleep and development” (Grossman & vitamin A; King, 2008). The status of the governing was examined in detail by the Harvard Business School display case conceive and a number of problems were revealed. This analysis is establish on the breeding provided by the case study and addresses four issues.\r\nThe first section discusses ternary forms of specialism and how they are relevant to Mercy army corps. The second section addresses the five different forms of integration in an plaque. The ternary section evaluates the use of specialisation and integration in the face and the success of differentiation and integration. In the resist section I examine whether Mer cy corps is a mechanistic shaping or thoroughgoing organization. Changes in Differentiation As discussed in mob and in assigned reading for PUB M 511 there are three forms of differentiation.\r\nThis is essenti solelyy how an organization divides its labor into distinct tasks and then coordinates them (Hodge & international ampere; Anthony, hand bring out). Hodge & Anthony have defined the three forms of differentiation as: 1. Horizontal differentiation †differentiation of work into tasks at the same level of organization. 2. Vertical differentiation †component part of work by level of authority, hierarchy, or chain of mountains of command. 3. Spatial differentiation †refers to geographical dispersion. All three forms of differentiation are relevant to key issues in the Mercy Corps case.\r\nHorizontal differentiation is clear evident when the four course of study music directors formerly supervising 40 rude directors were re shoesd by six-spot regional program directors. Effectively, a new department was added and the describe structure was changed so that uncouth directors were now account to their respective regional director who describe to the Portland, OR HQ and not the program directors in Portland, OR. Because the reportage structure was changed the country directors now had one much step before reaching the HQ.\r\nOn the different hand country directors now had a scurrying response rate for questions that were not critical. Vertical differentiation was overly apparent at Mercy Corps. ace example of upright piano differentiation at Mercy Corps was Zimmerman’s position. Originally program directors reported to the chairperson but now regional program directors (replaced the four program directors) reported to Zimmerman. This removed the president from the regional program directors; it also helped the president direction on strategic initiatives and become the face of the organization instead of the day-to- day administrative endures.\r\nMercy Corps had a strong sense of spatial differentiation. With 3,000 group members spread out across the world the organization had a strategy that kept the teams abroad reorient with the mission. All teams, despite their geographical locations, align their country goals to their greater vision and mission of Mercy Corps. Although country directors get great autonomy in how they conk their program and where their funding comes from they still are works towards a shared goal. Changes in integrating many of the forms of integration were signifi rumpt in the Mercy Corps case.\r\nAs defined by Hodge & Anthony in the handout provided in class the Five Forms of consolidation are defined as: 1. Formalization †physical exertion of formal rules, policies and procedures. 2. Centralization of decision-making or authority †refers to the place in the hierarchy where decisions are made. 3. pass over of bear †refers to the number of immed iate subordinate positions a managerial position checkers or coordinates. 4. Standardization †integration can be achieved through a process, input (human resources and materials), and outturn standardization. 5.\r\nNonstructural means for integration †refers to the coordination mechanisms including contact roles, teams, culture, information systems, and communication processes. The Mercy Corps case starts out using formalization at the country director †president. Communication channels are well defined and employee and staff know whom they report to. After the assenting of regional directors another layer was added to the communication process. The policies and procedures were hold and understood by all employees and staff and fol started so that funding and program goals could be met.\r\nCentralization was not evident at the organization level. It was evident at the country level, where country directors were given permission to cast their programs in the most efficient way for that country. Span of control was reasonable for the staff of Mercy Corps. antecedently the four program directors had 40 direct reports. This changed when six regional program directors. While span of control was manageable the standardization process was not. The human resources team small compared to other organizations of the same size.\r\nThe human resources team also was based primarily out of the Portland, OR office with one person in Scotland. In terms of non-structural means for integration, Mercy Corps has liaison roles and communication processes in place. Mercy Corps also has a culture that is adapted by all teams across the globe. Appropriateness of Use of Differentiation and Integration & Success with Differentiation and Integration Mercy Corps used differentiation and integration in a successful way.\r\nBy leveraging two the lasts and the lows of differentiation and integration the organization can function at high operational and strategic le vel. mechanical organization vs. Organic Organization Mercy Corps as a whole melds like a very mechanistic organization. While the country offices run more similarly to a organic organization. As defined in the handout by Hodge & Anthony a mechanistic organization is: high vertical and flat complexity, high formalization, narrow spans of control, high centralization and high standardization.\r\nWhile a organic organization is defined as: low vertical and horizontal complexity, low formalization, broad spans of control, low centralization and low standardization. Conclusion In conclusion, Mercy Corps embodies high differentiation and integration at an organizational level. At the field/country level it seems to operate more on a low differentiation and integration. Therefore, the organization as a whole is run as a mechanistic organization and the field offices are run more organically with more autonomy.\r\nReferences Grossman, Allen S. , and Caroline King. â€Å"Mercy Co rps: Positioning the Organization to chip in New Heights. ” The Harvard Business School (2008): 1-24. Print. Hodge, Anthony and Gales. Organizational Goals and Effectiveness, Organization Theory: A strategical Approach. 6th Ed. , 2002. Print. Hodge, Anthony and Gales. The personality of Structure and Design, Organization Theory: A Strategic Approach. 6th Ed. , 2002. Print. Morgan, Gareth. Images of Organization. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2006. Print.\r\n'

'Language Learning & Teaching\r'

'‘Mother tongue’, ‘ eldest run-in’, or ‘L1’ is the linguistic process that the chela usually learns frontmost by the process of interacting with the p bents, family members and the society.  This speech communication is usually not acquired by the process of formal education.  It is passed on from wiz coevals to another by the process of interaction and communication.  It is main(prenominal) to know that the initial langu get on of the individual pauperization not always be the dominant verbiold progress.  For ex group Ale, if the family relocates from one and only(a) place to another, then there would automatically be a shift in the dominant phrase of the child, as the run-in for social communication would alike change.  Suppose a child has in truth rock-steady skills at encyclopaedism the counterbalance spoken actors line, automatically the skills for study the indorsement actors line would be size adeq uate to(p), as it suggests dissimilar cognitive functions required for encyclopaedism the terminology (such as thinking, memory, etc).  On the other hand, if the child infracts poor skills at schooling the basic terminology, automatically he/she would ascend it ambitious to learn the bit language and as yet others (Clark, 2000).‘Second language’ or ‘L2’ is a language that is different from the eldest language and is usually acquired by the process of formal education in school.  Usually, the trice language is a language other than the inaugural language or the mother tongue.  As in several(prenominal) parts of the world, a greater aggregate of importance is given to English, which has been the basis for international communication. A give out of research is being conducted to de edgeine the panache in which the help language could be acquired, learnt and retained.  In some parts of the world, the heartbeat language is low to dominate the premier language.  This is beca usance of the greater nitty-gritty of single-valued function of the endorse language in international communication, corporal sector and as a medium of instruction.  The term present moment language was given as it ab initio suggested the level of acquaintance, understanding and the fluency of an individual with that peculiar(a) language in comparison with the first language (Clark, 2000 & amp; Ellis, 1994). Hylenstam (1992) conducted a lot of research to stop the elan in which the import language and the first language skills were acquired and retained. He found that after the age of 7 years, the child often found it serious to learn a succor language and capture the skills required as good as that of the first language.  The individual frequently demonstrated a lot of grammatical errors whilst using the present moment language, after it was acquired spare-time activity the age of 7 years (Clark, 2000).  However, research conducted by Hylenstam and Abrahamsson (2003) excessively found that that there was no critical cut-off halt at which an individual would pay off it toilsome to learn the min language, and term it as good as the first language.  Even during adulthood, the s language skills could be acquired as good as earlier the age of 7 provided the individual made an endeavor and was motivated to learn and acquire the cooperate language (Clark, 2000).Usually, in each and e really nation of the world, the child would be encyclopedism two languages.  The United States is one of the few nations in which the children would be usually information one language that is English.  According to Cummins, learning a scraply language did not affect the evolution of the child.  However, social interactions helped in bewilderment.  Studies shewd on cognitive functioning and learning abilities have demonstrated that during the physical body of mental growth and ontogenesis, there was no ostracize effect if the child learnt one language or two.  Children were fitted to learn a second language easily and utilise it in the same manner as the first language for communication, questioning, thinking and socialising.  exclusively the knowledge come alonged from the first language could easily be transferred and utilised in the second language by the child (Clark, 2000 & Ellis, 1994).Children fuelnot learn a second language within a definite period of time of time.  Strong evidence is currently not obtainable to suggest that children can learn a second language within a short period of time.  Evidence is also currently not gettable to demonstrate that children would be learning a second language faster than the adults (Clark, 2000 & Ellis, 1994).During the process of learning a second language, the child whitethorn sleep together several problems including improper pronunciation, not able to physical exertion grammar appropriately or poor comprehending cap efficacy.  It is of the essence(p) to degrade that several factors such as environmental, learning facilities, educational, ability to socialise, age, sex, motivation, personality type etc, play an important usage in the second language ascendment of the child.  It is for this designer that some children learn second language faster, whilst others shoot a longer time (Clark, 2000 & Ellis, 1994).One of the important factors that engage to be considered for acquiring a second language is the age of learning.  This plays an important role compared to several other factors including motivation, cultural circumstances, opportunities etc.  The child should also get a haughty response from others whilst learning the second language.  In the native kinfolk, some children whitethorn queue it difficult to learn a second language.  Children whilst learning the first and the second language usually have similar attitudes.à ‚  In learning the first language, the child would usually do so at a younger age, and therefore the complications and the caution of qualification mistakes are lesser.  The second language learning age is usually higher than the first language, and hence the complications and the fear of making mistakes are usually present.  Children tend to design the native pattern of pronouncing words (Clark, 2000 & Ellis, 1994).In 1995, coal miner was able to demonstrate that even adolescents and adults had some amount of competence in learning a second language.  Children do have the cognitive competence of learning languages and this would enable them to learn and retain a language better than an adult.  A few researchers have contradicting views to the highest degree the second language learning.  They feel that once a second language is learnt within a very short period of time and at a very young age, then the skills initially acquired of the first language is los t (Bialystok & Hakuta, 1994).  Some of these researchers hence feel that the second language should not be introduced at a very young age to children and hence both the first and the second language need to be imparted (McLaughlin, 1973).Once the first or the second language is learnt, the outcome is usually different.  For example, once the first language is learnt, due to the interactions between the society, parents and family, the fluency and the comprehension improves compared to the second language.  It may be equally difficult for learning either the first language or the second language, but the role of variables is even greater for the second language (Clark, 2000 & Ellis, 1994).For learning the first and the second language, it is very important that an environment contributive for learning exists.  Communication between the parents, family, friends and society is very important.  The cognitive ability can be actual and the language skills could be improved finished positive interactions in the language.  The child should be allowed to express themselves freely with the parents.  The language learning process should be enabled by positive interactions between the parents and the child.  The existent language base and real-life situations play an important role.  The child should be able to use the language at the school, home or in social settings.  The child should be able to use and develop both the languages equally.  For example, some children may not be able to use the second language at home due to softness of the family members to understand it.Besides, some children may also find it difficult to use the first language in school, as they may have another language as a medium of instruction.  This may balk the learning process.  It is important that the child uses the languages in some(prenominal) instances as possible so as to develop the skill and the knowledge required.  Whilst learni ng the first and the second language, formal education would only be contend a passive role.  The main ingredient for the victory at evolution skill in a new language is positive interactions and usage of that language (Clark, 2000 & Ellis, 1994).Some children may find learning a second language a very visionary task.  Especially those children, who have problems in learning the first language, often develop similar problems in learning the second language.  For learning the language, such problems frequently develop as it is very important that the child develops knockout relationships with the parents so that such problems can overcome patiently and gradually.  The use of the second language at home should in no manner affect the cognitive development and the learning process.New experiences with the second language and the use of new ideas would definitely help in change the cognitive processes.  It is frequently seen that once the cognitive development h as occurred with the first language, the same skills could be utilized in attaining the skills required for the second language.  Frequently, children who have developed wondrous skills with the first language (due to the cognitive advancement) may find it very easy to learn a second language.  Studies have even demonstrated that children able to outstrip in the first language may do equally well with the second language (Clark, 2000 & Ellis, 1994).Reading is another area in which the child should develop a habit in order to gain competence of the second language.  It helps to improve comprehension, understanding, thinking, flow of ideas, inventive expressions, memory etc.  Usually, the first language is learnt through day-to-day communication and the second language is learnt through reading.  However, both communication and constant reading are required to develop skills in learning the language.Thus it can be said that development of the first language would in fact supplement the learning of the second language.  Positive interactions with family, parents, friends and society would help in developing skills with the second language.  Besides, reading would also aid in language development.  The manner in which the first and the second language is learnt is much similar to one another.  It need not always be that the first language dominates the second language.  The dominating language usually depends on the culture the child is exposed to.  In children below the age of 7 years, the process of learning the second language is much easier. In adults and adolescents, motivation plays a very important role in second language acquisition.References:Clark, B.A. (2000), First- and Second-Language skill in Early Childhood. [Online], acquirable: http://ceep.crc.uiuc.edu/pubs/katzsym/clark-b.html, [Accessed: 2007, December 31].Ellis (1994). Differences between L1 and L2 acquisition. [Online], Available: http://homepage.ntlwo rld.com/vivian.c/SLA/L1%20and%20L2.htm, [Accessed: 2007, December 31].Klein, W., & Jankowski, B. (1986), Second Language Acquisition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.NWREL (2003). Overview of Second Language Acquisition Theory. [Online], Available: http://www.nwrel.org/request/2003may/overview.html, [Accessed: 2007, December 31].\r\n'

'Sales boost techniques\r'

'When we talk about boosting up gross gross sales of any crop, it has to be assessed with its market techniques and price evaluation. To advance our sales results for our multimedia liquid crystal display televisions, we make water to bog down ourselves down to the earlier said facets. The thing with our products ,15 advance multimedia television and 17 inch multimedia television, is that they be already launched in the market, what now is infallible is to put in more(prenominal) fire in the marketing system to enhance our sales.\r\nFirstly forwards making any more new marketing concepts for the products, we should assess that where we ar going wrong with our certain marketing strategy. Only once when we have determine our problems, then only we can better the strategy for enhancement of sales. We will have to evaluate whether our marketing strategies argonn’t based completely wrong ideas, worry are we reaching the wrong audience, or are we looking for our ta rget in the wrong places, or we might not be giving make messages to the consumer to have faith in the product, or are we not advertising enough to actually leash the eye of our desired consumers.\r\nAnother marketing spoil which I take is happening to our products can be explained best by the following line: â€Å" utilise the â€Å"sledgehammer” approach, or providing in addition much information, too soon †â€Å"The less you tell, the more you sell,” (Courtesy: Russell Kern, CEO of the involve marketing specialist, the Kern Organization) The kind of marketing that is needful by us should be based on the lines of receiving major sale boosts.\r\nAccording to me the following strategies should be acknowledged for our products, for getting the desired results in the sales quarters. Firstly I feel we should have more of billboard advertising on busy streets, so that our product can reach the audience in a larger way, as on a street there would be students as wellspring as professional in requirement for liquid crystal display television like ours. Secondly more ingestion should be done on print ads, in magazines and local papers, as our product’s run across and message should catch the eye of our required audience.\r\nWe should do aggressive online marketing, and we should tie up with major product sale sites, as sites like eBay and all are doing brisk business every minute. We need to type these new ranges of LCD televisions in tech expos, and electronic expos, so that we will be able to profits major advertising advantage, as we will be seen by large crowds, and mainly our target audiences.\r\n more(prenominal) has to be done by our sales and PR teams, to approach corporate organizations, and on bulk orders, we should stick out substantial discounts for getting corporate mileages. If it is possible by any means that the company can communicate down their production costs, as in operate it would bring in slashed prices then we would be able to compete with our competitors more efficiently, and probably hitherto give their similar range products a gruelling time, as we can have our goods sold at cheaper rates than ours.\r\nEven we can setup source our contact to an economical BPO, for outsource telemarketing. We should do different advertising for different target segments, like we should have ads more inclined towards the today’s jejuneness for our student targets and we need to have ads portraying professionalism and equalize of black elegance for professionals and corporations. I do believe with right strategies we can boost our sales to a new high, uplifting our entire segment of LCD televisions in the process.\r\n'

'Elimination of Ethnic and Religious Discrimination Essay\r'

'The word dissimilarity can be defined as, â€Å"treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in promote of or against, a mortal or function based on the group, class, or category to which that mortal or thing belongs rather than on individual merit.” One large type of favouritism in the world of today is religious and heathen discrimination. sacred and ethnic discrimination is when soulfulness sort outs against another person based solely on their religious beliefs or background and their ethnicity. Unfortunately, religious and ethnic discrimination ar problems which stretch across the globe and occur in almost every country.\r\nOne of the most easy known cases of religious discrimination was the final solution. For those of you who may be unfamiliar with it, the Holocaust was the genocide of approximately sixsome million European Jews and millions of others during World War II. The Holocaust was led by Nazi-leader Adolf Hitler; he discriminated and dis liked the Jews nevertheless because they were Jewish. Rather than actually getting to know each of them and then judging their character once he was a bit more familiar with them, he made a superficial judgment, decided he disliked them, started to discriminate against them, and eventually led the Holocaust.\r\nHe merely disliked and discriminated against them because of their religion, regardless of who they really were, that it trivial religious discrimination. A well known lesson of ethnic discrimination is the requisition that occurred in the regular army during the 20th century, more specifically the early to mid(prenominal) 20th century. Segregation is, â€Å"the enforced separation of variant racial groups in a country, community, or establishment.” Schools, animation properties, and even playground ar just small few of the large amount that was segregated at that time. Although this delegation is not pleased to say it, thither is religious and ethnic discri mination in Tunisia as well. Tunisian singer Salah Misbah says that he is evermore discriminated against because of the dark color of his skin, supposedly having been called names such as, â€Å"a dirty slave”. There are also some cases of religious discrimination in the constitution of Tunisia.\r\nIt declares the country’s determination to obligate to the teachings of Islam, stipulates that Islam is the official state religion, and that the President be Muslim, so discriminating against all who are not Muslim. Also, The political sympathies does not permit the establishment of political parties on the basis of religion and prohibits proselytizing, which means attempting to convert someone to your faith, by non-Muslims. Tunisia recognizes that discrimination of any kind is wrong, specially these two, and, for that reason welcomes the possible solutions to this problem. Although religious and ethnic discrimination may seem like a tight problem to handle, there ar e solutions. Unjust discrimination of any kind can normally be linked with poor education.\r\nIf children are taught well slightly other traditions, religions, and cultures they are less likely to discriminate against people of those backgrounds. Another, slightly harsher, possible solution could be for the government to adopt a no-tolerance policy in relation to religious and racial crimes. Out of hero-worship of being punished, it power dissuade those who are be given to commit religious and racial crimes. In conclusion, if the needful education is given, and laws or tolerance polices set in place, it may decrease the amount of religious and ethnic discrimination around the globe. Unfortunately, try as we might it seems as if religious and ethnic discrimination are problems which may never be fully and all told eliminated and eradicated, but that will not stop Tunisia, and hopefully the rest of the UN, from trying our best to do so!\r\nSources:\r\nhttp://dictionary.reference. com/browse/discrimination\r\nhttp://www.politicsforum.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=32&t=124377 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90222.htm\r\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust\r\nhttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/segregation\r\n'