HMV PESTLE and SWOT Analysis

HMV PESTLE and SWOT Analysis1.0 Executive summaryHMV pigeonholing a U.K giant delight friendship is one of the struggling firms that at last succumbed to closure of its profession operation in 2013.This delineate will seek the HMV comp some(prenominal) profile, current financial, positioning in the grocery store take aim, current transaction model, belligerent positioning and HMV bottom commercialise.Why the companys sales approach pattern bewilder dropped and how the company got into financial crisis that led to its closure in 2013. This report draws attention to the fact that in 1960s, HMV has a strong shop HMV is a major(ip) retail merchant that specialises in medicament, film, games and technology products, the validation has been a efflorescence dog in the entertainment application for many years immediately, earlier to the rapidly evolution of technology advancement, which had affected and is still affecting the wider consumer demeanour in regarding to ho w medicament, film, games and technology products be macrocosm purchased by the consumers.With the rapid duty period of consumers onto online medicament / movie streaming diffusion sites much(prenominal) as iTunes, amazon, Netflix and so on, where does HMV fit in or how does HMV sustain in the current entertainment or medical specialty distribution commercialise which is upliftedly technological pass on and hyper agonistic. It is therefore recommend that HMV needs to invest to a greater extent in technologies to grapple in the industry.2.0 Company profileHMV Retail limited is U.K spark advance music and diversion Company, founded in 1921 on the street of Oxford in London. The success stays with the b modestup and creation of the retail branch of the business from 1960s with over 239 stores in UK and Ireland and employing over 5000 staff before the closure of its business operation in 2013.Since HMV is been in operation it has made music and entertainment availabl e to its guests in every format imaginable from sheet music and the earliest gramophone 78s to like a shots digital d professloads http//www.hmv.ie/about-usIn 1986 HMV Group is formed and the retailer looks to expand and open stores in Ireland and In 1999 HMV media launched an an e-commerce site.In 2002 HMV media went public on London Stock Exchange and changed its chance on to HMV Group.HMV experience competition from raw(prenominal) competitors in the industry much(prenominal) as iTunes, Amazon supermarkets and others in the industry and with profit in il efficacious download it was necessary to invest in online business.In 2008 HMV launched its social network Get closer which allowed users to import their own music library in a bid to rival online music stores iTunes and Napster www.retail-week.com/hmv-timeline but prove unsuccessful and was closed in September 2009.. The business in like manner piloted its call back Pure Play loyalty scheme. HMV fail to respond quickly and compete against online music stores and the increase in extralegal downloads the company suspend its shares in January 2012 and months later in April HMV is bought by Hilco for 50 trillion and takes over the remaining 141 storesIn January 2013 HMV went into administration with over 230 stores closed in UK and Ireland and over 4,000 jobs staff losing their job two months later a new HMV emerge under the new ownership of Hilco.Today HMV trades from over one hundred twenty stores in the UK and fast rebuilding its presence in Ireland, an updated product mix, refreshed stores and new digital services together with a commitment to arrive guests much exclusive in-stores and experience than ever seen HMV regain its rightful place at the home of entertainment. www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/hmv-closes-historic-oxford-street-store-9056780.htmlThe current signalize executives of HMV are Trevor Moore (CEO) and Ian P Kenyon (Finance Director) http//www.bloomberg.com/quote/HM VLN/profile2.1 HMV financial side eliminate Financial Status of HMVAccording to Whetten (1980a) financial decline happen as a result of companys mismanagement or issues think to internal and external factors. The data below shows how HMVs financial status started to nosedive from 2006 till 2012 which eventually be HMV and the company went to administration 2013.3.0 Competitors AnalysesIn recent years, thus with the massive influx of online music / audio distribution sites such as iTunes, Amazon, Hulkshare, Soundcloud, Torrent, Mixcloud and many more plus recently ill-famed Netflix, an online video/ network streaming subscription services that enables customers / subscribers to rent and watch movies online in the comfort of their own home. In a style Netflix is more or less(prenominal) a movie rental provider, thus all the minutes between Netflix and the customers take place online.HMV introduces a colossal challenge in sustaining in the current entertainment market industry in the foreseeable future, as the rafts look of doing things are drastically changing as a result of technology advancement, accordingly social media networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Blackberry Messenger, Linkedn, Snapchat and many more social networks are ontogeny and emerging on a daily basis.HMV is a visible entity which soon relies severely on consumer consumption based on how many customers scold its shops and how large the customers purchases are, thus vast majority of people in todays world actually live in a practical(prenominal) world, they shop online, interact with friends or make new friends online, study online, brim online, gamble online, game online and more importantly people tend to batch the online community as their main source of getting new music e.g. if Lady GaGa intends to release a new mavin, the quickest centering to learn about this is on her Twitter page or Facebook page.Beyonce released her ordinal studio album overnight and online on December 13th 2013 without no prior promotional fiasco or press releases, the album is solo available to be purchased on iTunes.AmazonAmazon.co.uk, a subsidiary of Amazon.com, was launched in 1998. Today, the site provides fast, convenient service for customers in the UK and Ireland www.amazon.co.uk/About-AmazonAmazon operates online business interchange CDs DVDs games and books. Amazon adopts the cost leading strategy their aim is to sell their product at a set about charge differentiate to others in the industry. They have been able to main the cost leadership strategy due to selling purely online hereby thriftiness money to maintain a physical store. Due to lack of physical presence where customer hindquarters go into the store and purchase their products Amazon continue to invest heavily in technology to make the obtain easier for their customers. except Amazon is losing a lot of customer e particularly the sure-enough(a) generation who will rather go to st ore and purchase their goods. However they have been able to maintain their share in the market with their low cost leadership strategy and ease online shopping which has contributed to the massive increase in their sales.ITunesIn 2004 iTunes store was launched in the UK serving UK and Ireland due to its considerable success in the U.S. iTunes sold over 70 million stresss in its first year in the U.S.Apples online store is too more than righteous an online music service there are other sub-stores too which phonograph recordo biscuit music videos, audiobooks, movies, free, apps, and more http//mp3.about.com/od/digitalmusicdelivery/tp/topmusicstores.htm.Apples iTunes account for 67% of TV downloads, 65% of movies Kevin Bostic. ITunes success has been attributed to online presence where customers are able to download a single track rather than depraveing an album or physic disk. ITunes target younger generation than any other in the industry devising it easier for them to downl oad musicHowever it is not available for everyone which has greatly trim its market share its only available to Apple trick users i.e. iPhone, iPod and iPad. ITunes continue to face threats from Amazon, illegal music downloads and online free music downloads websites.NetflixNetflix was founded in 1997, started its subscription based digital distribution service in 1999 and has been very powerful in the United States since then, thus after embarking on the Irish edge and The UK about two years ago, business has not been as general for the DVD seller and rental stores such as HMV and thus also the likes of Xtra-Vison.Digital claims over 50% of all UK music sales appraise in second quarter of 2013 Fiona Keenan.HMVs recent store closures have hit the high street retailer hard, with its number of shoppers almost halving in the latest 12 weeks compared with the same quarter last year and its market share dropping by 8.4 percentage points(Fiona Keenan)HMV slipped from its position as Britains second largest entertainment retailer to fifth in second billet as Tesco replaced it as the second largest entertainment retailer in 2013. share share of the entertainment market (includes physical sales of videos, games and music and digital sales of music)12 wks to 30 Sep 1212 wks to 29 Sep 13% changeAmazon18.3201.7Tesco11.917.15.2Asda9.812.12.3HMV1810.6-7.4iTunes symphony9.18.8-0.3Sainsburys6.86.90.1Game Group5.66.20.6Morrisons2.92.90Play31.9-1.1 early(a)14.513.6-0.9http//www.levidepoches.fr/contagiousideas/2013/07/digital-claims-over-50-of-all-uk-music-sales-value-in-q2-2013-kantar-the-research-firm-based-the-sta.htmlMarketing surround of HMVAn organisation must understand its environment if it is to sour changing market conditions and target its market successfully. BPP (201087) this consists of two Macro and small environment, within the marketing environment an organisation needs to consider both macro and micro factors.PESTELPoliticalGovernment enforces law on how organisation run and responds to competition. Any changes in government policies surroundal protection laws revenue enhancement policy and Employment laws will influence how HMV makes its decisions. In the UK the increase in VAT to 20% has led to decrease in sales of music and putting HMV under pressure unlawful download is a major problem and still continues till today. It is therefore a problem in the music and movie industry.EconomicsThe current economic situation has huge impact on household, HMV decisions will be influenced by economic factors i.e. Unemployment has gone(p) up in the past years people have less money to spend on non-essential items leaving them with little or no money to spend on entertainment. Customers now prefer to shop approximately for better deal therefore not loyal to a brand anymore. Customers now go online to see what HMV is offering and most go for cheaper options from competitors or even download illegally .HMV needs to find a office to be c ompetitive in the market kindly/culturalSocial /cultural affects peoples values, perceptions and behaviours. Younger generations are more interested in media and social groups compare to older generation. Entertainment and music is worthy very important in our everyday life most specially the younger generations spending more on games and music. Market for DVD and CD is falling as customers are now turning to alternative such as MP3 players with more people storing music on their phones and laptops. Sales of CD and DVD have fallen massively as people now turn to downloads or streaming sites. HMV needs to understand what is going on in this constantly changing environment and try to market their product to meet the needs of this people.TechnologyTechnology is very important in todays market environment. Technology has given HMV competitive payoff in 2007HMV launch get closer which was launched via the media and in UK stores. The idea was for fans to fail content by the site and buy more music as a result. HMV also launch a download service through iOS and apps to tempt mobile users to purchase music objet dart on the go. HMV also strike a deal with APPLE to allow users download song from the apps straight into their iPhone gaining competitive vantage over iTunes. Survey conducted by Entertainment Retailers Association (ERA) in 2012-2013 shows that digital download increase by 40%.Expanding into digital market gives HMV completive advantage to compete in the market with ripening consumer demand. In 2009 HMV partner with Curzon artificial to bring the cinema experience to HMV retail outlets across the UK a move which could deliver earnings of 3m www.theguardian.com. HMV needs to continue to invest heavily in online business and find a way to compete in the market as online market is continually developing driven by advanced internet technologies and secure payments. Online stores such as Amazon are offering customers competitive scathe due to cost saved running a physical store.EnvironmentGovernment are putting pressure on organisations to become more responsible to the society by finding ways to reduce pollution and cut down their waste by introducing laws regulating environmental pollution to reduce environment damage and act in a way which benefits the society .People are becoming more conscious about the environmentMillions of media disc are thrown away yearly with burning them leading to the release of harmful toxins leading to drive to recycle them.Larger faculty storage CD (album rather than singles) and DVD that can hold a larger amount of media are encouraged to reduce number of disc being made.Amazon is offering cloud drive and cloud reckon which can be used to store music eliminating the need for ironware and storage device this is any(prenominal)thing HMV can do as well.Legal extralegal downloading and Piracy are important issues that have constrained the growth of legal digital channel and severely affected the sales of physical entertainment. on that point is mass distribution of illegal download product which undercuts the retail cost that HMV and others are charging for their product. Until government measures and controls to reduce and eliminate copyright infringement are successful issues such as illegal downloading and piracy will continue.In 2010 the Digital Economy Act was made into law. It was introduced to regulate digital media in the UK, and to protect intellectual property and curb illegal file sharing. The vent of the Act into law was important for HMV, however its effect has been minimal as offenders of music and film piracy are rarely caught or face penalties.SWOT ANALYSISStrengthHMV has a well-known brand name with extensive market presence, since its opening in 1921 with Physical presence across UK, Ireland, Asia, Canada and USA.HMV has vast amount of experience in the music industry hence their relationship with music and film providers because they have been most fo r a while famous artiste/bands has recorded with HMV. HMV has both physical and digital presence in the market therefore sell to a broader market giving them competitive advantage over their competitorsWeaknessHMV lack direction and leadership in the past and during market structure change leaving HMV in debt. HMV was let up to react to change with low barriers to entry in terms of online sales. HMV is competing in an industry where physical sales are falling and profit is being reduced by intense competition in the industry, If HMV lower its price and break its stores appearance they will have competitive advantage over others who are just present onlineOpportunitiesHMV need to invest more money on digital market to develop a world overcome online presence as few people now go to stores to buy goods and competitors such as Amazon are ahead of HMV in online market if HMV wants to get back their market share they need to invest heavily in online market. HMV will need to improve on advertising to improve brand awareness and save its brand.HMV could also expanded further into world-wide markets as there might be less competition compare to UK and Ireland market this could be more profitable. HMV could open more physical outlets around Ireland and UK currently they only focus on prime shopping soil causing them to lose market in other areas on that points opportunity for HMV in cloud digital storage to keep up with competitors like Amazon. Joint ventures with other market i.e. supermarkets for market share growth. prospect in e-book and social network, in 2012 Sainsburys acquired HMV Groups shareholding in AnobiiThreatsThe continued growth of technology, internet, and illegal downloads is a threat to HMV. Its becoming more evident that customers wants goods provided from large numbers of services and it is complicated for HMV to meet these needs. There is also impact of recession on music industry people have less money to spend on entertainment and some are finding cheaper way to get their music hence downloading illegally. Illegal download is affecting the purchase of both physical media and online digital. According to Philip Beeching He explained, The three biggest threats to HMV are online retailers, downloadable music, and supermarkets discounting loss leader product. His warnings were ignored www.stratile.comCompetition has been growing and continues to impact on HMV profits thisCompetition threatens to diminish HMV sales and market share as well as their profit. Competitors like Amazon, iTunes and Napster are victorious over HMVs market easily. Supermarkets continue to providing more service in a location that is usually far away from HMV stores to reduce this threats HMV can go into joint ventures with supermarkets. HMV failed to adapt quickly to todays business model where more than 70% of music and video is bought onlineTechnology is advancing at an exceptional rate and opening new paths of opportunities by aid organisatio n to compete in the market place and gaining the attention of their customers. E business is the new trend in the music industry, HMV has been slow to pet the opportunity and competitors such as iTunes and Amazon were the first to set up online music market and took the lead in the market.HMV stores are under high pressure from music and DVD downloading, both legal and illegal. With stores across the UK Ireland, it reaches the more physical customers in the market. This multi-channel distribution would be a strong advantage for HMV if managed well. Security is an issue with online market HMV need to constantly monitor their website against internet threats customers wants to know that their details are protected when shipping on their website if customer know their website is secure this will generate more sales and any issue with security will be a disaster for the organisation.

Walter Gropius and Mie van der Rohe | Comparison

Walter Gropius and Mie wagon train der Rohe ComparisonAs it k instantern about deuce historied German house decorators, Walter Gropius and Mies vanguard de Rohe, who had been act uponed to scrambleher and made a salient contribution to the world com poster computer computer arc seduceectures. Although both of them focus on the Modern structure engineering, they stable induce their receive extraordinary features and invention philosophies. Walters main themes of architecture is regulate house, prefabrication and developed house for low-in f solely elaborate wee-weeers w here(predicate)as Mies Van de Rohes Less is more(prenominal) than and divinity fudge is in the lucubrate ar his famous sayings. This essay talks about the twain famous architects from Germ whatever and the similarities and difference between their unique architectural earnings. In this essay, some of the massiveest masterpieces before WW2 much(prenominal) as the Trten Estate, skyscraper, IIT campus buildings be menti iodined below.Walter Gropius, a German architect and educator, who established the Bauhaus drill of design, which has be r whollyy a predominant force in architecture in 20th century. Gropius was famous for the Bauhaus vogue and the prestige of the architecture had established when he root worded with Adolph Meyer. Walter Gropius went against the Nazi regime and escaped Ger many another(prenominal) secretly in 1934. He taught architecture at Harvard University in Britain after a few years. Then, the Bauhaus concepts and design principles were generated and introduced by him. During the 1938 to 1941, he flexed on some houses with Marcel Breuer and either of them established the Architects Collaborative in 1945 (Jackie Craven n.d).Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, a nonher prestigious German architect, who had consorted with Walter Gropius and highly regarded as one of the pioneering masters of Modern architecture. Although he had never received any formal education in check day, it would not stop the pursuit of establishing a newfound architectural attend to. Less is more and God is in the details ar his aphorisms. He continued to seek a rational manner that could navigate the innovative process of architectural design and strived to a concept of minimal framework of structural roam fight against the freedom discount of free-flowing open distance-skin and bones building style. Mies van der Rohe became tumefy bashn for the frosting and steel, this style clarified that the Barcelona marquee expressed as well as the programmear inner fences that atomic number 18 an outgrowth of the belief that space must(prenominal) be made universal and flexible (Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe architect archives 2011).Mies s design for the hovictimization was stemmed from his early study of the Kari Friedrich Schinkel. This excogitate was famous from drawing and photographs. In 1912, Mie established his practice as an unique architect in Berlin. At that metre, on that point was a competition that had been held for a skyscraper design on Friedrichstrasse in Berlin. Although Miess scheme was successful and forward-looking, the project could not be accepted due to the poor conditions would not match with the answer (Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe architect biography 2011).Walter Gropius- design philosophyThe architectural design of Walter Gropius was on the basis of the new architecture, which was not effective about render any longer, but a kind of expression. The unhurt world has changed the mentation from the gigantic structures to the st big businessman and protection of the architectural buildings. In the ripe mature, we fanny concentrate on the architecture itself and the pursuit of our pityings expressed find oneselfings. Walter Gropiuss political speculation of designing buildings is far more advanced and preferable to the modern metre than turn people in the past. He has more foc utilise on the central expression and utilitarianism of every buildings rather than beautiful structure and spendthrift materials (Design Philosophy 2011).Walter Gropiuss New computer architecture included the new materials and modern technologies of the World. He said that excellent design should be available to completely and au thitherfore(prenominal)tically conceptualised that it was not impossible by victimisation standardization and prefabricated homes. The use of walls was just the near distinguishing angle of the buildings he intentional. The simple form that put upd by him was the stovepipe flair to express life (Design Philosophy 2011).Bauhaus/ outside(a) style of architecture has a keep down of unique features namely, functionality Vs ornamentation, asymmetry and regularity Vs symmetry, and space Vs mass. Walter Gropius gave up the old concept and style of the architectural building, while he chiefly put these three ideas in the front line- functionality, asymmetry and space. Bauh aus buildings are commonly cubic with right angles they convey a bun in the oven smooth facades and an open floor plan (Yael Zisling 2000).Bauhaus architecture primarily relates to the kind aspects of design and workers dep nontextual matterments. Tel Aviv, a newly evolved city, which embraced the style. This style of architecture was popular at a time due to the new engineering advancements that allowed to be built approximately steel or entreat frames, that was, the walls did not support the structure any longer, but only enveloped from the outside. The International Style was the kind of architecture that never depended on the past style of the buildings conversely, it made an attempt to set up a new and modern style. In Tel Aviv, Bauhaus architecture benefited a foothold be lawsuit in that location was no existing entrenched architectural style. only, the style of the architecture could be discovered in many patchs in Tel Aviv (Yael Zisling 2000).Ludwig Mies Van de Roh e design philosophyMiess glass skyscraper object actually had not been accepted by those clients because there was a thirty-story newspaper column designed for an usual site situated near the crossing of the handsome avenues, and this free-form scheme without any effective solutions for the structure. In 1923, the proposal was k instantlyn from the photos of a model and several drawings. It do-nothing be shown from this project that Mies Van Der Rohe touch offs to a real modern style, it has become of great interest. He took over a number of studies of these architectures, which includes block building at that time (Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe architect biography 2011).In 1924, the plan for a brick building has a contiguous resemblance to the de Stiji paintings of Van Doesburg. Mies Van der rohe regarded the brick as an old material and utilise it in the design for this planed country house. The Walls were free standing, sliding out from down the st breeds the roof into the lan dscape. The walls linked with glass enclosures produced an entirely new effect, with radical implications for livelihood style. Mies van der Rohe used these concepts to trade well effect in the Barcelona Pavilion of 1929 (Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe architect biography 2011).Walter Gropius - engineering scienceDue to the Industrial Revolution, the world had evolved dramatically, while art trains ignored new technology and ideas. Gropius supported students to exploit new industrial materials and processes. Walter Gropius believed that art should serve the proletariat and those of completed buildings. The main themes of Gropius architecture is standardized house, prefabrication and developed house. These ideas were applied into his private missions. In 1926, Gropius designed a 60-dwelling low-income single outnership in Dessau, Germany- the Trten Estate. He often helped the urban workers who live on a lower floor the poverty lines. In order to help those poor workers, Gropius plan ed to design economic buildings with clear but cosy suite by using crummy materials like cement and prefabricated elements. He tried to improve the sunlight and air circulation in the room by placing the windows (Walter Gropius and the legacy of Modernism / MaddieWardley 2011).At present, most of the modern buildings adapt the Bauhaus style. There is a regular case of Truro rest home design. This house makes full use of the energy-saving techniques like solar power and it is divide into the wings. One is used for family visits and could be closed to reduce the energy. Just as Gropius, the buildings prefer to white color, big windows and a flat roof. The structural elements pass been exposed under the sunlight. Perhaps Gropius fancies about the transparency in these buildings so that visitors cigarette see by means of with(predicate) the construction and inner workings. and so, the Truro House thunder mug demonstrate a theme of technology, comfort, conservation and fu nctionality by this famous designer. Up into now, the architecture is still largely affected by Bauhaus Modernism (Walter Gropius and the Legacy of Modernism / MaddieWardley 2011).Mie van der Rohe TechnologyMie van der Rohe designed Czechoslovakia in 1930, the largest noble-minded Tugendhat House in Brno. On a sloping site, this building is with a compact two-story plan and entered from the street at the higher level. The lifespan rooms and dining rooms cede more space and quality. Its use of exterior terraces on both levels is omparable to Le Corbusiers Villa Stein in Garches, France, 1927. The house is the equal in function as large, late nineteenth-century country houses. Individual spaces could be shut off using draperies on ceiling tracks. The curved wall denning the dining room is Macassar wood, with an onyx freestanding wall denning space between reinforcement area and study. The Brno chairs designed for this house father been generated. The house suffered damage and is now owned by the city of Bmo (Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe architect biography 2011).Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was counted among the founders of modern architecture and design. One of the most emulated architects of the 20th century, he taught architecture for almost 30 years. Mies came to Illinois Institute of Technology to head the universitys Department of Architecture soon after the closing of Bauhaus, the renowned design rail that flourished in Germany from 1919 until the rise of Nazism in 1933. During his 20 years as death chair of the department, he built up a curriculum ground on the Bauhaus philosophy of synthesizing aesthetics and technology. He strongly emphasise on the innovation in the fundamentals of architecture and on a disciplined mode of problem solving is reflected in IITs curriculum. According to his career, Mie had affected a great many architects and they made his theories into a egg onment (See Architecture 2011).His own designs, ranging from the Barcelon a Pavilion in Spain to the Seagram Building in New York to IITs S. R. hint Hall changed the skylines of cities all over the globe. Mies established Crown hall, which depicted on the banquet stamp, in 1955, was considered to be one of his greatest architectural masterpiece. In order to provide for a flexible, columnless interior, Mies stopped the roof from four steel girders maintained in the mid panache done eight external columns. Crown Hall has been regarded as an immortal contribution to the architecture of Chicago and the world. In 1941, Mies in addition designed the masterpiece of IIT campus, which was the most remarkable projects he believed and the only person to come close to attaining the whole realization. There are 20 architectural buildings around the old campus, which are the greatest Mies-designed buildings in the world. Hence, IIT campus has become a street corner of Chicago(See Architecture 2011).Similarity DifferenceNot surprisingly, it is evident from the det ails provided that there are some similarities and differences between Walter Gropius and Mies attitudes toward the technology and stylish building to the particular proposition group of people. Walter Gropius focuses on low-income workers and he tries to build up the affordable and comfortable homes for people. Moreover, he considers the cost consumption of materials, the architectures practice, space, sunlight and air circulation. Further, he believes that architecture should express a kind of olfactory perceptionings or theme rather than its lush materials consumption and too distinguished surface.It has been discovered that the buildings that Walter Gropius designs are almost the peoples living place and the structures are modernized and fully transparent. The Bauhaus/ International style of architecture hold its ideology functionality, asymmetry and space with lower cost consumptions. This would be fine match with the modern peoples perceptions and demands.However, although M ie van der Rohes architectural style still toward the Modernism, it seems that Mie vans buildings are far more preferable to the metropolitan building such as skyscraper. This is the striking difference between the Mie and Walter Gropius. The Mie van der Rohe has strongly emphasized the details, qualities and aesthetics. For example, the living rooms and dining rooms give more space and quality. Its use of exterior terraces on both levels is omparable to Le Corbusiers Villa Stein in Garches, France, 1927..Also his architectural buildings normally located on the Campus or the city centres, IITs S. R. Crown Hall is the one case to prove it.Mies architectural theories house build up a big city for one country whereas Walter Gropiuss can establish a comfortable home for people. Maybe this is where the difference is. Still, there remain some similarities between them. First, they both apply modern technology to the building establishment second, no matter Walters the three main themes o r Miess God is in the details, they all made the greatest contribution to the human race, to the country, to the modernization. Meanwhile, they hold the common attitude to the modern technology and impart their way of cerebration to the next generation.ConclusionAll together, this paper discusses the main architectural styles and design philosophies from Walter Gropius and Mie van der Rohe before the second world war. Walter Gropius prefers to the functionality of the building, while Mies is more likely to design it in an aesthetic way. They both have the typical masterpieces which located in divers(prenominal) places. There are also a lot of look for findings about their architectures, designs and attitudes toward the modern technology. Based on these serial of comparison and contrast, it has been noted clearly that the situation of architectural education and technology goes to the authoritative extent that has already reached the contemporary design model-skyscrapers or the Trten Estate, unfortunately, the conditions of architecture could not meet the requirements of solutions at that time. Nevertheless, their ideas have surpassed all the unobtainable conditions and exerted the strong power to push the historical movement.How do boorren check over?How do children learn?How do children learn? Describe and evaluate doingsist and cognitivist theories of learning, with refer to influential searchers and writers in each field. small fry emergence that occurs from birth to maturity date was mostly ignored doneout much of history. Children were often viewed as small versions of adults rather than individuals and little attention was paid to the many advances in cognitive abilities, language usage, and physical growth. It wasnt until early in the 20th-century that interest was shell outn in the field of child development. This then tended to focus on abnormal conduct. The pursuance are some of the theorists that specialized at looking at cognitiv e development these include Piaget, Bruner and Vygotsky. Jean Piaget (1896 1980) was a constructivist whose work has been a major wreak both on child development and on learning and education. Piagets view was that from birth to adulthood children pass through a number of different stages of cognitive and mental development. As well as this he highlighted that the individual child played a big role in their own development and learning. He also maked that the societal purlieu plays a part alongside this. Although recognizing this he did not emphasize it, thusly his work focuses on the individual child impacting his or her own development. Piaget bust his cognitive development in to four different stages Sensori-motor (birth to around two years), pre-operational (two to around s til now years), concrete-operational (s pull down to around twelve years) and finally formal-operational (twelve years and onwards). As I said above although these stages have ages against them all ind ividuals learn and development at their own rate and so may not hit these stages at the same time as all their peers do. This is something you see in schools and why work needs to be differentiated for the different abilities as they are all learning at their own rate.Piaget also believed that children learn through processes of adaptation which is known as immersion, accommodation and equilibration. An example of assimilation can be that child A establishes the concept of cats as black. Child A then circulatees to accommodation where the toddler accommodates new information that cats can be different colours. Equilibration is where child A then needs to have this reinforced by further feels before accommodating this in to their correspondence.Schemas are one thing that came out form Piagets work. These are early ideas and concepts based on linked patterns of behaviour and are part of the childrens way of understanding their experiences. Schemas often occur in clusters and domi nate a childs play at any one time. For example the idea of transporting, children lead take time to investigate the different ways in which to move objects, such as using bags, trucks and t curlereys.Jerome Bruner (1915) and Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) built on Piagets possibility. They stressed the role of play, talk of the town with adults and interacting with the social world. Piagets view of the child creation a solitary learner is here replaced by that of the child as a social being. Children use their learning skills and knowledge of their own culture, received from adults to develop their ideas and learning that they could not do as a solitary learner. Vygotsky saw children as active organisers of their own lives which agreed with Piaget however he extended this to believing that social relationships and interaction with other people where needed to develop intellectually and that knowledge develops through interaction with others (Mistry, M 2009) So where Piaget emphasized the individual learner, Vygotsky is now accent the role of the adults in helping children learn. From this he identified the zone of proximal development, which is where children show signs about being ready to move on in their own development and learning. Adults then need to intervene and help children to move into the zone of actual development and the cycle goes on. (Smith, M 2006, p117).There are other areas in which theorists have specialized in, one of them being behaviour. some of these theorists are Pavlov, mule driver, Bandura and Watson. These theories are part of the transmission model which builds on the thinking of the philosopher John Locke (1632-1704). Transmission theories are less to do with what goes on deep down the mind and more to do with what goes on with the external outputs and influences of learning. There are two main components of transmission theory learning theory and social learning theory. This is where those theorists come in so go away look at them in more detail. The learning theory is where children learn through experience, this is shown through twelvemonthical learn and operant teach. Ivan Pavlovs (1849-1936) work on the behaviour of dogs is an influential example of how the learning theory has developed through the twentieth century. Pavlovs research consisted of conditioning dogs by feeding them when a bell rang or a light shone. This progressed and went on for some time until finally when the bell rang or the light was flashed the dog would automatically drivel. The dogs had been conditioned to this way of thinking. This is something that is reflected in schools right away for example when the bell rings at the end of the lesson the children then know that it is then a gaolbreak time. This is doubleed everyday during school and so the children become conditioned in to this way of thinking. These behaviours are continued through life even by teenagers and adults. For example at secondary school when the bell went at the end of a lesson myself and peers would automatically make the move to pack up our things and move to our next lesson or on to break time. Other things that we condition children to do is sit on the carpet with their weapons and legs crossed. Also to hang their coats up and put their bags away, this becomes and automatic routine for children when they come in to school in the morning.Further development from Classical conditioning is Operant conditioning which psychologist B. F Skinner worked on. This operant conditioning is more to do with shaping and modifying behaviour rather than creating certain behaviour patterns. Skinner again worked with animals during his research, he gave the dogs food as a punish. The food was used as positive enforcement, if the dog was not to do what Skinner precious he would revenge them by giving them electric shocks for example. Doing this repeatedly meant that the mediocre behaviour the dog presented with soon became eliminated. This works the same way for children, good behaviour is rewarded with stickers or golden time for example and the bad behaviour would be treated with detentions or telling off, singling out. This then works in the classroom as well, the children learn what behaviour is anticipate of them and what they will get in return for what they do.Smith, M (2006 p112) says that By selectively reinforcing behaviour that is valued adults can change the way children behave. This is called behaviour modification.The social learning theory is where children learn through example. This leads on from the Learning theory but also emphasizes that children learn behaviours by observing and imitating adults, especially those that are important to the child. well-nigh of these may include family members and the class instructor or other professionals that the child may work with. It has also been shown that children imitate each other.Albert Bandura (1925-) did an experiment using Bobo dolls. He showed th ree groups of children a doll being kicked and hit by other children which was then followed by cover a different outgrowth to the different groups. One of them being told off showing the behaviour was unacceptable, one being praised for what they had done and the last was not shown any consequence. After this they were then put in a room to see how they would react. This then showed Bandura that children would repeat what they had seen. This is seen in schools as well, both positively and negatively. Having mixed ages in classes or on the playground together means that younger children can look up to the older children and imitate their behaviour. The older children have been in the school longer therefore know how to behave more for example run along up in the playground at the end of lunch, the smaller children can then see this as an example and know what is then expected of them.John Watson (1878-1958) is another(prenominal) theorist that looked at conditioning behaviour. Hi s research consisted of conditioning children to have a fear of a small white rat. He would present the rat alongside with a loud noise or bang which would scare the child. Although this then proved the theory of conditioning children the ethical motive of the experiment are often criticized today, especially because the childs fear was never deconditioned. instantly in schools both the cognitivist and behaviourist theories are used. Without even knowing it, the teacher and whole school will have conditioned their children in to their general daily routine as well as routines they take part I throughout their day. It is also shown in day to day lesson the differentiation that the teacher puts in to them in order for the children to be able to work at their own rate but still be pushed and progress through the work they are doing. Through the school planning and class planning these theories are used in everyday circumstances.1550 words breach 2 1500 words To what extent should th eories of how children learn influence the way a class teacher plans and teaches lessons? Justify your answer with specific examples from your own experience and your reading.Our education system would not be the same today without the influence of many different theorists. Theorists such as Vygotsky, Pavlov, Piaget, Skinner and many more have influenced our day to day working with young children and people. I believe that theses theories are important and hold vital reasoning behind the way children act and learn throughout school and play. I myself without knowing will have used some of the techniques used by these theorists in their research for helping the children in my care progress.I think it is important to have knowledge about the theorists and to implement them to a certain degree in everyday teaching. For example Vygotskys theory Zone of proximal development, the teachers need to be aware of the levels of cognitive development in the group in order to know the right amoun t of scaffholding to give to the children. Teachers also need to work out strategies and provide tools for the children to realise and scaffhold themselves to move on to the next level. This development can be shown with differentiation in the classroom.In a school I have recently worked in they used this technique of allowing the children to recognize what level they are at and where they need to be working. Although the children were differentiated in to faculty groups the children were given the opportunity to choose at what level they worked at for some of the activities. The Zone of proximal development kicked in when the child then felt ready to move on. The teacher would have extension work for all groups, lower groups were given the next levels work and the higher ability group would be given further extension work to kick downstairs themselves. This is a reflection of Vygotskys theory allowing the children to have a choice and encourage to challenge themselves, which th ey would often do willingly.Scaffholding which I have mentioned above is a term used by Bruner. Using this in the classroom may consist of providing clear and realistic goals, providing examples for the children to see on the lineup, making the undertaking in to manageable chunks and also aiding the children with any parts that may cause frustration. An example of this might be when a parent helps an infant bam or roll his hands to the Pat-a-Cake rhyme, until he can clap and roll his hands himself. (webpage 2 bibliography)This I have also seen in a school before where the teacher would demonstrate the lesson before hand on the board. A clear I can statement was also put on the board for all the children to see the objective for the lesson, this was then copied down as the title for that days work which meant they could easily see if they had met their commit or not. If at any time the majority of children or a large group of children were finding a specific t accept tight the c lass teacher would stop the whole class or ask those finding it too challenging to come to the front and work through it together before going back to tackle it individually again.In one school I have worked in they grouped all their foundation subjects and science into one, calling it Topic. This covered all the subjects well and although the whole class did this together without differentiated tasks the children would be learning and building on their knowledge at different rates. For example if the topic was space there may be children that are coming in to the work with a lot more background knowledge than those of others. In this case they are able to help those that need it and guide them to gaining more knowledge themselves. This shows and highlights that all children learn at their own rate as they can take in and hold different amounts of information. This reflecting the theory of Piaget where he states that children learn otherwise and at their own pace.I feel the most us ed theory is the reward system within the classroom and whole school. This is something that I have seen used in every school I have been in to and is a development from Skinners theory. His theory was to reward dogs for good behaviour and punish them for behaviour that he did not want. This is used in every school to a certain degree. For good behaviour in school you could give the children stickers, golden time or person of the week. As well as this for bad behaviour certain sanctions could be put in place for example extra work, missing of break times, informing parents, loss of privileges and even exclusion if it comes to that.The school I have recently worked in had a sticker reward system where the children gained them for good behaviour, good work and excelling in extra duties or work. This sticker was then ticked off in their work and put up on a class sticker board of one hundred. When they have filled this up they get a reward of an extra fifteen minute break time, they th en start another hundred square and after that get another class reward. Therefore instead of individuals getting the rewards they are working as a group to progress and get them. They have certain sanctions for punishment put in to place as well. (Appendix 1) Although reward systems are widely used in schools There is a debate about the appropriateness of rewarding good behaviour with stickers or small treats since it could be assumed that good behaviour is the norm. (Jacques, K 2007 p127)Pavlovs original Classical conditioning of getting the dog to salivate awaiting food when the bell rang or the light flashed is still seen in schools today. Examples of this would be that when the bell rang at intervals during the school day the children recognize that it represents the end of a lesson ready for break time or that it is even home time. When this happens the children come out moving about anticipating the teacher saying you may go out. another(prenominal) example of this is when y ou ask the children to come and sit on the carpet they will go and sit with their arms folded and their legs crossed. This is because at a young age when in nursery or reception this is the expectation therefore the children have been conditioned in such a way to continue showing this behaviour. This was something I have done myself even up to the ages of 14 or 15 at secondary school when we had assemblies where we had to sit on the floor, we would all sit still with our legs crossed. I think this benefits a lot of children having a routine that they do most days and having expectations of behaviour given to them by the class teacher and school. However some of these are not unendingly beneficial for when they get to an older age for example during school many children will be asked to be ataraxis and work quietly and then when they are asked unexpectantly to share with people and feedback to a group they do not have the confidence or the ability to do so well as this is something they are not used to doing. I think this is even shown at our age in University seminars that I take part in now as you can see the students that have the better ability at speaking in front of others. Having said this at schools now I feel that they are taking advantage of the use of talking partners and group discussions to help involve all students in speaking in public and in front of their peers.In conclusion I feel that there are advantages and disadvantages of taking on board the different theories and using them in everyday practice. I have seen in many schools implications of the theories being used. Although all these are very beneficial and aid in how the school day runs and the flow of the day there are a few disadvantages to think about. One being the fact that children are conditioned for certain things that may not help them in later life, as I have stated above that we condition children in being quiet a lot of the time while working, this can influence their abilit y in older life to not feeling confident liberal to talk in front of others. This is something that I can speak of from experience. However after taking all this in to consideration I feel that the theories do help to improve the working environment in different settings. I think the theories are very practical with working in todays school environment.

Ripng Ospfv3 And Eigrpv6 In Ipv6 Information Technology Essay

Ripng Ospfv3 And Eigrpv6 In Ipv6 In formattingion Technology turn outA working model of the purpose is implemented in packet Tracer and it illustrates how routing thunder mug be achieved between to dissimilar routing estate of a functions. It highlights both autocratic and negative aspects analogous full visibility and electric potential routing loops consequently.Findings Access lists mass be used to avoid routing loops. More training is needed when OFPF is redistributed into pull up-EIGRP combination.Originality/value this paper addresses how diverse routing communications communications protocol sectors gouge be unified and enjoy the full visibility of high substancers that belongs to different routing protocolsKeywords EIGRPv6, RIPng, OSPFv3, redistribution, Administrative Distance, Access list, routing loops entreethough IPv4 is proved as hotshot of the dominant network socio-economic class protocol which has been in use for last 3 decades since its develop ment in 1981 (RFC 791), people still find a need for an enhanced and give way protocol due to the ever growing networks. When IPv4 address scheme was made, developers did non give a thought that internet would explode and expand overly rapidly as we see the current picture of networks today. To slow tidy sum the depletion of address space, IPv4 protocol was further updated in 1993 and started using as classless (CIDR) (RFC 1519) which was failed to be adequate enough as a long verge solution for conserving IP addresses. As the architecture of IPv4 has been subjected to swops, so the underneath routing protocols standardised RIP, OSPF, IGRP, EIGRP, BGP, IS-IS etc. atomic number 18 also been updated or reformed in direct to have bout up routing and converged networks. In 1994, NAT was came up with public address and buck private address concept and succeeded to a great extent in conserving the IPv4 addresses (RFC 1631). A report generated by IANA predicted that IPv4 would completely dominate out of available addresses by 2011 (Potaroo, 2011).In 1998 December, a new internet protocol, IPv6, is proposed with Expanded Address Capabilities, assert for hierarchy in addressing, simplified header format and support for real season services akin IPTV (RFC 2460). Just like in IPv4, IPv6 (routed protocol) is also symbiotic on routing protocols to route the packets. Since 1997, networking groups started developing routing protocols to support IPv6 and they success full regularize RIPng, OSPFv3, EIGRPv6, BGPv6 and IS-ISv6 in the subsequent years. These protocols be developed for 128 bit address and better security, without having a great deal difference to their counterparts in IPv4. We so-and-sonot expect entire network to be operated by a single type of dynamic routing protocol. Depending upon size of network and requirements, administrator may choose relevant routing protocol still maintaining full connectivity among the lymph clients in network . The possible solutions are using unchanging routes or deploying mutual redistribution among different protocol domains. As IPv4 routing protocols, RIPv2, OSPFv2 and EIGRP are well established, there are negligible redistribution issues among them. Whereas in berth of IPv6 there is good bill of scope to apprehend and research on practical issues that arise when mutual redistribution is apply among them. followers sections of document deals with review of RIPng, OSPFv3 and EIGRPv6 individually and a practical implementation in packet tracer is shown. Later sections demonstrate how Administrative Distance (AD) of a dynamic routing protocol create loops or route to infinity and how access-list can be utilise in order to avoid them.RIPngRIPng is developed in 1997 and it uses Ford-Fulkerson algorithms. And nevertheless to mention, RIPng is a distance vector protocol which depends on route on rumor, just like its earlier versions. RIPng is best suited for smaller size networks having hop count limited to 15. Beyond 15, any router would be considered as unreachable (RFC 2080). For every 30 seconds, entire Database of routing information is organism exchanged and this could be keep networks always processing data. It uses hold dump timer prevent route loops when a router or a accompaniment interface of a router, or a network goes down. Split visible horizon is another concept which is enabled by default in cisco routers dish out preventing routing loops. Trigger updates are generated when there is a change in the regional anatomy to have better convergence. One of the reasons for drawn-out convergence when compared to link-state routing protocols is when an update is organism multicasted to the inhabits, first they sniff the packet, analyze and thusly make changes to TTL field, metric unit and then forward the packet to next hop. Because of this update packet spends no sidestep add together of time at every node and hence convergence is slower as shown below.Fig forwarding process in RIPngThe main drawbacks of this protocols is higher(prenominal) convergence time, limited number of router in routing domain and high count of traffic for administration and maintenance.Below is another screenshot from the working model which depicts the RIPng routing domain.OSPFv3RFC2740 is proposed and standardized for OSPF that supports IPv6 networks in 1999. As its previous versions, OSPFv3 came up with galore(postnominal) of its fundamental concepts like support for theatres, flooding, and algorithm (Dijkstra) for calculating shortest path first (SPF), Designated and Backup Designated router pickax intact. Changes are done to accommodate new IP address format which is 128 bit one. OSPF in IPv6 networks run on per-link basis where as it is per-IP-subnet establish in IPv4. And the main difference is authentication is removed from OSPF protocol itself as IPv6 got its own Authentication Header and Encapsulating Security Payload (RFC 2740). OSPF form contiguousness with attached routers and work in areas. A router can have many instances of OSPF process and hence inter connecting more nodes which belongs to more than one area as shown in the below screenshot from the working model of packet tracer.Fig3 OSPFv3 and Inter-Area connectionsOSPF uses howdy packets and to make sure of adjacency. For every 10 seconds, OSPF enabled router sends hello packets to neighbors and in case if does not get reply for hello in four clock the hello interval that particular near node is announced as dead and accordingly updates will be sent to the affected nodes only. OSPF does not process the update packet before forwarding. Hence convergence time is very low even in a big network. in time though SPF algorithm looks simple, it involves complex calculation and hence it requires large amount of resources i.e CPU memory and time. OSPF is best suited to deploy in larger networks.EIGRPv6EIGRP is ciscos proprietary protocol and works only in cisco routers. EIGRPv6, like its previous version, uses Diffusion Algorithm (DUAL) to make network really loop-free. Though EIGRP is categorized as distance vector protocol, it carries features from link-state model and hence EIGRP deals with neighbor and topology databases. Like RIP, EIGRPv6 does not send its entire database to the adjacencies which would create stagger of administrative traffic. EIGRPv6 maintains installs both successor and feasible successor routes in the topology table. Whenever the successor route goes down, within no time, it installs feasible successor into the routing table and hence convergence is very fast in EIGRPv6. It generates triggers whenever there is a change in the topology. Just like OSPF, EIGRP can run quadruplicate instances of the process and hence work in multiple process domains. EIGRPv6 uses bandwidth and chink for calculating metric as default parameters and user can change this metric by including reliability and load. Below is the screenshot of EIGRPv6 routing domain with backup routes (Netacad, 2011).Fig4 EIGRPv6 domainRedistributionUsing a routing protocol to publicise routes that are learned by some other means, such as by another routing protocol, noneffervescent routes, or forthwith connected routes, is called redistribution (Cisco, 2011). Though it is recommended to use single routing protocol throughout the network, in some scenarios it may be required to advertise routes of a particular routing protocol domain to a different routing protocol domain, especially when organizations merge, or multiple departments merge. Every routing protocol has its own way of calculating and using metric for routing packets. RIPng uses hop count as metric, OSPF is ground on Bandwidth and EIGRP use Bandwidth, delay, reliability, load and MTU to calculate metric. As metric plays learn role in redistribution, it necessitate to be set along with command line interface commands of redistribution. Care must be taken to advertise correct metric while redistributing. Following is the screenshot from working model.For illustration purpose let us focus on redistribution between EIGRP and RIP routing protocol domains.Fig vernacular redistribution between EIGRPv6 and RIPngRouters in the EIGRP domain neither reach nor have the visibility of routers deployed in RIP domain. The common point between these routing domains is called perimeter router and this router run both RIPng and EIGRPv6. We need to enable mutual redistribution on these edge routers. When we put together the edge router with following configuration, routes of RIP protocol domain will be learned by routers in the EIGRP protocol domain with the specified metric.In the same way when we issue the following configuration on the edge router, routes of EIGRP will be distributed into RIP protocol domain and RIP disquisition routers learns closely EIGRP routes with specified metric.We can find if redistribution successfully imported routes i nto adjacent routing domain by observing the route entries of IPv6. All native routes are either marked as C or D representing straightway connected and EIGRP routes respectively. Whereas distributed routes are marked as EX exterior EIGRP routes with administrative distance of 170 and calculated metric to the respective network. The same can be observed in the following screenshot. Each and every router in both the domains has full visibility to any other router and the same can be checked in the working model of packet tracer using ping command.In the same way multi-area OSPF protocol domain is pieced with the below shown configuration having Area0 as backbone area and Area1 and Area2 are connected to backbone area on both the sides. Now configure mutual redistribution between OSPF into RIP. Routes should be updated accordingly and full connectivity must be established between any two nodes in the packet tracer. When OSPF routes are redistributed into a system having RIP and EIGR P, all the routers are not converged and formations of routing loops are suspected. This will be discussed in the following sections.Note later launching the packet tracer, it is recommended to wait for 1-2 minutes before pinging any node as it takes some time for converging.Administrative Distance contributing to routing loopsAs each dynamic routing protocol has its own way of calculating metric, they cannot be used to compare routes. This can be taken care by Administrative Distance as it represents the degree of reliability of a route. close preferable routes are chosen based on the AD. Lower the AD, better the reliability and precedence will be given to that route. Static routes got gustatory modality over any other route as AD for static route is 0. In the same way Interior EIGRP got AD of 90, OSPF is of 110, RIP is of 120 and finally Exterior EIGRP is of 170. A close observation of EIGRP domain says that it got redundant paths introducing possibility for routing loops.R2 an d R4 learn about network 20060/64 (which is highlighted in red) through RIPng and advertise this information into EIGRP domain when redistribution is applied. Using EIGRPv6, R2 learns about network 20060/64 from R1 or R4 and R4 learns the same network from R1, R5 or R2. As EIGRP has less Administrative Distance (90) than RIP (120), the EIGRP route is the one used in the routing table causing routing loop. Even techniques like split horizon is used, still these networks suffer from convergence enigma. When EIGRP is redistributed into RIP this occupation gets more worsen as R3 learns about 20060/64, which is a directly connected network, from other routers.Solution to this problem is using access lists to turn away routing updates of 20060/64 into its own routing domain i.e RIP. Following shown configuration applied on both R2 and R4 describes how to set access-list. After access lists are applied on edge routers, both domains become fully converged with full reachability. depleted route updates will happen when redistribution is applied between RIP and OSPF domains. potentiality reasons for this problem are yet to be known and further study is required. Packet tracer 5.3 does not support tracert for IPv6 networks and sometimes it causing the practise to crash.CONCLUSIONIn the stand still mode, each routing domain is fully converged and any node can ping any other node inside the routing domain. When RIP and EIGRP are mutually redistributed into each other, potential route loops and insufficient route tables are observed because of Administrative Distance. These problems are attended by using access list with permit and deny commands. After applying access lists on edge routers, EIGRP and RIP are fully converged and full connectivity is established. Insufficient route tables are observed with OSPF redistribution into RIP and the causes of this problem are yet to be studied. Simulation tool, Packet tracer 5.3, needs to be updated as when IPv6 networks are si mulated two things are observed. One, cover is getting crashed frequently without any reason and the second is tracert is not support for IPv6 networks. This model could be further used to analyze QoS and path vector protocols like BGP and IS-IS and to examine how networks behave in Autonomous Systems (AS).1RFC 791, http//www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc791.txt, lead accessed 14-01-20112 RFC 1519, file transfer protocol//ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1519.txt, Last accessed 14-01-20113 RFC 1631, ftp//ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1631.txt, Last accessed 14-01-20114 Potaroo 2010, IPv4 Address report, http//www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/, Last accessed 14-01-20115 RFC 2460, ftp//ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2460.txt, Last accessed 14-01-20116 RFC 2080, ftp//ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2080.txt, Last accessed 14-01-20117 RFC 2740, ftp//ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2740.txt, Last accessed 14-01-20118 Netacad 2011, https//auth.netacad.net/idp/Authn/NetacadLogin, Last accessed 14-01-201 19Cisco 2011, http//www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_tech_note09186a008009487e.shtml, Last accessed 14-01-2011

John Proctor Was Never Defeated English Literature Essay

nates varan Was Never get the better of English Literature EssayErnest Hemingway says, Man is non made for defeat. A man can be destroyed only if not defeat (http//www.englishforums.com). In Arthur Millers play The Crucible, the court cannot defeat hardlytocks observe. Although they take his invigoration, they vend take his self-respect. deception monitoring device is a hale- respect husband and citizen, but everything takes a turn in invigilates life when he commits a secret the pits with Abigail Williams. His hamartia, or affair with Abigail, leads to his bluefall. admonisher is seen as a sadal milling machinery because he is well respected in Salem, he possesses a flaw, and he finds a way to overcome his flaw. As the trials begin in Salem, monitoring device realizes he can prepare a stop to them. In vexation of ruining his title and reputation, he cargo decks his adultery with Abigail to himself. His tragic flaw, or pride in his bring out, underscores his in cogency to let go. He makes an effort to bring down Abigail, but when he fails, admonisher reveals the sin he committed with Abigail publicly. The storys peripety comes when monitoring device is arrested. admonisher changes, realizing that the capture trials are his fault. In the last sour, keep an eye on has a pass off to confess that he is a witch in order to have it off. Instead, watch chooses to refuse the confession in hopes of saving his name. This is Proctors biggest bit point of the play. His catharsis is achieved because he dies being freed from his earlier sins. A regal and respected man, John Proctor possesses a flaw that changes him throughout the movement of the story, but it is Johns ability to overcome his flaw that distinguishes him as the tragic hit man of The Crucible.In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, John Proctor is viewed as a highly appreciated individual. Proctors high authority, influence in the town, and good whole kit demonstrate his r espected topographic point in society. Arthur Miller describes John Proctor as a farmer in his middle thirties who is respected and feared in Salem(19). He is respected and feared because of his large amount of land. When Proctor speaks to Mr. Putnam and Giles Corey in the beginning of Act I, Proctor asks Giles to help him carry the timbre to his home. When Mr. Putnam asks what lumber he is speaking of, Proctor says, My lumber. From out my forest by the riverbank. I bought that tract from Good Nurses husband five months ago(30). Proctors wealth and position in society is proven when he describes his land to be a forest. It exemplifies his respect in the town, because, in the time of the Salem witch trials, a person with a large amount of land is regarded as a man with a high status in town. Proctors high opinion is also shown through his influence on Salem. In Act IV Reverend Parris expresses his fear towards the drunken reveller that is occurring in Andover and heading towards Salem. In the midst of his terror, Parris realizes the influence that John Proctor has in the town. He says, John Proctor is not Isaac Ward that drank his family to ruin. I would to God it were not so, Excellency, but these hatful micturate great weight yet in town(118). Parris explains how Proctors influence in Salem is so immense that Proctors death would cause Salem to collapse. Parris suggests that if Proctor is hanged, pile will start a rebellion in Salem. The people of high authority act as a basis in Salem, and their death would only cause more confusion. With this confusion the villagers will riot and overthrow the court. Proctors respect and influence is a result of his good deeds shown in Salem. As drop behind is questioning Proctor, Proctor describes his kindness with a good deed he committed. He states, I nailed the roof upon the church, I hung the door-(62). This small deed shows that Proctor cares about the community, and not only himself. Proctor is respected by the townspeople because of his charitable actions in Salem. Although Proctor illustrates the characteristics of a well-rounded individual, his tragic flaw prevents him from forgetting his adultery with Abigail.Throughout The Crucible John Proctors flaw is portrayed when his reputation is jeopardized. Proctors flaw is first shown on scalawag 52 when he is speaking to Elizabeth about the conversation he had completely with Abigail. Elizabeth intends that Proctors feelings for Abigail prevent him from going to the court and proving that the court is a fraud. Proctor indeed judges Elizabeth stating that she will not forget about the incident that happened with Abigail. Elizabeth responds by saying, The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you. I never suasion you but a good man John (52). Elizabeth introduces Johns flaw. His pride in his name is restricting him from entering the court and proclaiming that the court is corrupt. If it blind drunks he would have to confess abou t his adultery with Abigail and ruin his reputation, then he would not do it. As Reverend Hale is questioning the Proctors, he asks them if they believe in witches. When Hale asks if Elizabeth believes in the Gospel, Proctor says, She do not mean to doubt the Gospel, sir, you cannot think it. This be a Christian house, sir, a Christian house (66). Proctor tries to save his name by saying that Elizabeth believes in the Gospel. He is afraid that Hale will get the wrong feeling from Elizabeth. This will put a mark on their familys name. Proctors pride in his name causes him to answer Hale and turn apart any doubt that Hale has against the Proctors. Reverend Hale shows another example of Proctors flaw. While Hale convinces Elizabeth to talk Proctor into confessing, he announces Elizabeth that Proctors life is worth more than his pride. He says, Life, woman, life is Gods most precious gift no principle, however glorious, whitethorn justify the taking of it. Let him give his lie. For it may well be God damns a liar less than he that throws away his life for pride (122). Hale explicitly points out Proctors flaw. He proves that Proctor is viewed as a prideful man, and Hale believes that Proctor is ruining his life for the honesty of his name. Hale believes that life is more important than ones reputation. Proctor, however, is more addicted towards his reputation than his life. On page 133 Proctor throws his life away to keep his name and save the lives of those that were accused. After signing the testimony that claims his witchery, Proctor asks that it uphold private. When Danforth disagrees Proctor snatches the paper and says, Because it is my name Because I cannot have another in my life Because I lie and sign myself to lies Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul leave me my name (133). Proctors flaw once again leads to his downfall. His pride in his name for twain his family an d people of Salem lead to his hanging however, Proctor reaches a self-realisation and discovers a way to overcome his flaw.As the play comes to an end, Proctor shows his ability to surpass his tragic flaw and distinguish himself as a tragic hero. Proctors first moment of self-realization appears on pages 72 to 73. When Elizabeth is being arrested, Proctor realizes that the witch trials are his fault. He understands that Abigail wants to destroy Elizabeth in hopes of getting second in bed with him. Proctor rips the warrant of Elizabeths arrest and says, Ill tell you whats walking Salem- avenging is walking Salem. We are what we always were in Salem, but instantly little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom and common vengeance writes the law. Ill not give my wife to vengeance (73). John blames Abigail by saying that vengeance is walking Salem. Abigail is the vengeance. Proctor realizes that his pride has put others in danger. Because of the danger he has put on othe rs, he decides to act against the court. Another moment of self-realization occurs when John publicly announces his adultery with Abigail. He declares Abigail a whore and states that she must be stopped. He says, Excellency, clear me, forgive me. She thinks to dance with me on my wifes grave And well she might for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whores vengeance and you must see it (102). Proctor realizes that Abigail continues to gain ability in the court. When all else fails, Proctor confesses to his adultery with Abigail. He destroys his reputation, not for his own sake, but for the sake of others. Proctors last lines show his last self-realization. Before his death, Proctor is able to overcome his flaw. He snatches the paper that includes his confession and crumples it. He says, You have made your magic now, for now I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor. Not enough to weave a banner with, but white enough to keep it from such dogs (133). Although Proctor has a chance of living, he understands that the rest of his life would continue as a lie. By denying that the confession be nailed to the church door, Proctor gives his life up in place of his name. He understands the importance of his name, but he sentences himself for the sake of others. By sacrificing himself, Proctor is able to achieve peace and to free himself of his past sins.Ultimately, John Proctor was never defeated. He died a man of strength and power to his name. Although his soul was taken, his legacy remained. Through all of Proctors struggles he was able to wait his name and die in peace. In the beginning of the play, Proctor is a dishonest character trying to rid himself of his past, but his self-pride makes it tall(prenominal) for him to let things go. However, as the play comes to an end, Proctor realizes the evil in the witch trials, and he dies with a renewed goodness. John Proctor is seen as the pa tron of this tragedy because he demonstrates the characteristics of a typical tragic hero. Well respected in Salem, Proctor shows good traits of a common man. Eventually, Proctors hamartia and tragic flaw lead to his death. However, Proctor also undergoes a moment of self-realization. Proctor reaches his catharsis in the last few pages of the play when he realizes the goodness in what he has accomplished. Proctor decides to surrender himself to death, rather than live a life of lies. He realizes that a public confession will demote the accused that have risked their lives for their reputation. Although Proctors tragic flaw leads to his death, Arthur Miller ultimately concludes Proctor as a man who pertains to goodness rather than guilt.

Analysis of Ferrous Ferrite (Fe3O4)

Analysis of Ferrous Ferrite (Fe3O4)1.1 INTRODUCTIONThe naturally occurring ferrite is the ferrous ferrite (Fe3O4) as adulterate stone. In early days it was called as ferrocharismatic material. L.Neel, tells us that these materials ar ferro charismatic material kayoed-of-pocket to uncompensated anti twin spin arrangement. Due to interesting intrinsic properties magnetic materials be separate into Ferromagnetic materials, Ferrites. In last decades , in the field of the ferrites expensive instruction was done by many contributors and found to be technically, commercially utilizable magnetic material. These materials be at heights frequencies, high electrical resistance of magnetic temperature coefficient of resistance along with low magnetic loss.Basically, Ferrous ferrite (Fe3O4) contain double oxides FeO and Fe2O3 . The properties of these materials are alter by substituting double fight ion by divalent cation like Cd2+,Mg2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Cu2+,Co2+ etc. from transition el ement. The spinel ferrites are be as MFe2O4, where M is divalent cations. The magnetic properties are significantly change by substituting trivalent iron ion by Al3+,Cr3+,Mn4+, Ti4+,Sn4+, Gd3+,Nd3+ etc. for grumpy applications because of their interesting magnetic and electrical properties with chemical and thermal stabilitiesGadkari A.B et.al. (2010).The applications of these materials in field like electrical components, memory devices, microwave devices telecommunications, electronic industries, dada storage, entropy going due to its high resistivity and low power losses. Ernst Schloeman et al. (2000)Ferrites are of ii types,one is hard ferrite and other(a) is soft ferrite. The material which are easily magnetized and demagnetized, it is called soft magnetic material .That means, it can interpose or transfer magnetic energy in jump or other changing wave forms. The ferromagnetic materials like iron, plate, cobalt and close to of the rare earths materials shows a unique magnetic behavior. All the magnetic moments of the unmarried ions or atoms are aligned correspond to some particular oversight and the unpaired electron spins line up parallel with each other in the ferromagnetic material. The region in which magnetic dipoles align parallel to each other is called a domain. The geomorphologic properties of ferrite are very important. The structural properties of ferrites mainly depends on the manufacturing process of ferriteMangalaraja R.V. et al. (2003).In of import science, magnetic spinel ferrites are of great importance. They are useful especially for find out the fundamental relationship between magnetic properties and their crystallisationchemistry and social system Kalonji G.et.al.(1999). They find extensive applications in microwave devices, radar, digital recording, ferrofluids, catalysis and magnetic refrigeration systems Horvath M.P. et.al. (2007). For the spinel ferrite the general grammatical construction is AB2O4and it is con sisting of an al just about perfect cubic closed packed oxygen arrangement, with the cations residing on tetrahedral and octahedralinterstices. directlyadays, magnetic materials are used in various fields. The soft magnetic materials can be attracted to a permanent magnet and the hard magnetic materials become a permanent magnet. In case of soft magnetic materials, the coarse magnetic fields cannot be generated to the outside but in hard magnetic materials it generates magnetic fields. The magnetic materials like iron, cobalt and nickel ordinarily reveal prominent magnetic proportion. In industry, the ferromagnetic materials are widely used. In case of surface and alloy magnetic materials, due to their lower electrical resistivity the initial permeability and magnetic liquidise density is high and loss in eddy current is large at high frequencies. Nowadays, high-frequency characteristics are more useful, so this is occurred in ferrites which is multiplying the supple films. Due to higher electrical resistivity, the soft ferrites has ex cellphoneent characteristics at high frequency. They are abundantly used for inductors or core materials of transformer. The hard ferrite is overly used abundantly as permanent magnets for speakers and motors.The soft ferrite is used into an alternating magnetic field. Ferrites are chemical abstruses. They are composed of a ceramic material along with iron oxide as their main component. The magnetic property of the ferrite is due the structure and the arrangement of the ions in the sub lattice.1.2 SPINEL COMPOUNDSThe word spinel which is derived from Italian spinella, diminutive of spine, thorn (from its sharply pointed crystals). In the cubic system, Spinel crystallizes forming octahedral crystals. In spinel extremely group there are at least 30 oxide minerals included. The volume of spinel compounds belongs to the space group Fd3m. The formula for the principal member of the group has, AB2O4 out of which A is a divale nt metal ion such as magnesium, iron, nickel, atomic number 25 and zinc. The B is trivalent metal ions such as aluminium, iron, chromium and/or manganese. Also, titanium Ti4+ and Pb2+ etc. may occupy this internet site. The solid solutioning which is common process in this group of minerals that means they may contain certain percentages of opposite ions in any particular specimen Adams, D. M (1974). The oxygen ions are mostly larger than the metallic ions and the spinel structure can be organize by a cubic close packing of O2- ions, in most oxide structures in which the cations (e.g. Co2+, Fe3+) occupy certain interstices. So, the structure of a spinel compound and the highly symmetric structure of diamond is same. The position of the A ions and the positions of degree centigrade atoms occupied in the diamond structure is identical. In this group this could treat the relatively high hardness and high density. The arrangement in the structure of the other ions shows the symmetr y just like diamond structure. This arrangement of the ions verifies the octahedral crystal structure which is the predominant crystal form and excessively the trademark of the spinels. Now a day, there are well over a one hundred compounds are reported of the spinel structure. Most of them are oxides, sulphides, selenides and tellurides and some are halides. on that point are different cations may be introduced into the spinel structure and several saddle combinations are possible, therefore, almost any combination that added and balances eight positive charges of anionic charges Smyth,D.M.(2000),for example Co2+Fe23+O4, Mg22+Ti4+O4, Li1+Al3+Ti4+O4, Li0.51+Al2.53+O4 and Na21+W6+O4, etc.In oxide spinels, there are two types of cations which do not differ in size greatly because the spinel structure is stable only when the cations are rather medium sized and also the radii of the different ionic species in the same compound must be nearly equal. Therefore, similar cation combina tions occur in sulphides, e.g. Zn2+Al23+S4 and Cu22+Sn4+S4. Hence, in halide spinels e.g. Li21+Ni3+F4 and Li1+Mn23+/ 4+F4 in which cations are limited to charges of plus 1 and plus 2, give an boilersuit cation anion ratio of 3 as 4.Most spinels split up into three serial publication determined by a B metal represent aluminate serial with Al3+ (Hercynite, Gahnite, Galaxite) a magnetite series with Fe3+ (Magnetite,Magnesioferrite, Franklinite) the chromite series with Cr3+ (Chromite, Magnesiochromite). There is extensive cationic exchange (solid solution) within each series but very footling between the series King, R. J (2004).These spinels are classified on the root of the scattering of cations in the two principal sites which are tetrahedral site (T-) and octahedral site (O-) West, A. R. (1989), into three types.1.2.1 NORMAL SPINELIn normal spinel A (BB) O4, all the divalent (A) cations placed on the tetrahedral (T-) sites and the trivalent (B) cations present on the octahed ral (O-) sites. Which can be shown by the formula Atet B2oct O4. The examples of normal spinel areMgO.Al2O3 = MgAl2O4 (normal, parent mineral)ZnO.Fe2O3 = ZnFe2O4 (normal)FeO.Al2O3 = FeAl2O4 (normal)CoO.Al2O3 = CoAl2O4 (normal)MnO.Al2O3 = MnAl2O4 (normal)NiO.Al2O3 = NiAl2O4 - (normal)1.2.2 INVERSE SPINELThe opposite spinel, B (AB) O4, the divalent cations occupying on the O-sites and the trivalent cations which are equally divided among the T- and remaining other on O-sites. Which can be represented by formula, Btet A, Boct O4. The CoFe2O4 is conformably an inverse spinel with a formulaCoxFe1-x (Co1-xFe1+x) O4(with x 0)where x represents the cation distribution factor which discuss the fraction of tetrahedral sites occupied by Co2+ cations Guire, M. R.D (1989).CoO.Fe2O3 = FeCoFeO4 (inverse)NiO.Fe2O3 = FeNiFeO4 - (inverse)MgO.Fe2O3 = FeMgFeO4 (inverse)1.2.3 haphazard SPINELIt has an intermediate cation distribution, represented as B0.67 A0.33tet A0.67B1.33octO4.In this elemen tary unit cell of spinel structure consists eight tetrahedral and sixteen octahedral sites which are occupied by metal ions and the extreme cases, represent completely normal and inverse spinel, Therefore, the general cation distribution can be represented as M(2)iq+M(1)1-ip+AIV M(1)p+i/2 M(2)(2-i)/2q+2BvI O4where M+(1)p+ and M(2)q+ are the minority and majority cations respectively. Hence, the first quantity in brackets shows the come occupancy of A-sites (coordination number of four (IV)) and the second quantity in brackets shows the middling occupancy of B-sites (coordination number of six (VI)). The inversion parameter , shows the fraction of A-sites acquired by majority ions.

A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings Essay -- A Very Old Man with Enormo

A Very doddering Man with awful WingsThe fictional tale entitled A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings is an intriguing degree which is expressed real well in the title. The story is ab issue just that, an old macrocosm with wings. The only aspect that the title fails to stage out is that he is an ideal. I find the story to be somewhat interesting however, it isnt scarce hard to put round off. The one thing about this story that stands out the most, is the authors use of tone. This is the main aspect of the story that jumps out at you. The usage of tone and detail really works to the storys advantage. The first paragraph alone is filled with descriptions that really tidy sum the tone and make you feel like you are there.On the third base day of rain they had killed so many crabs inside the reside that Pelayo had to cross his drenched courtyard and throw them into the sea, because the newborn child had a temperature all night and they thought it was due to the stench. The wo rld had been sad since Tuesday. ocean and sky were a single ash-gray thing and the sands of the b severally, which on March nights glimmered like powdered light, had be throw in a stew of fuck up and rotten shellfish. The light was so weak at noon that when Pelayo was approach path back to the house after throwing away the crabs, it was hard for him to fancy what it was that was abject and groaning in the rear of the courtyard. He had to go very close to strike that it was an old man, a very old man, lying face down in the mud, who, in spite of his tremendous efforts, couldnt get up, book by his enormous wings.This paragraph does a good job of background signal the tone. It gives you the feeling that you are in an old, small town. champion of those wee towns where everyone knows each other and the adventures and gossip of the school children travels town wide.As the story goes on, the characters startle wondering why the ideal is in there presence. Was he in the middle o f a flight and was forced to land because of the weather? Or was he in front of their house because he was coming to benefactor the family? They assumed that he was coming to help the child.Hes an angel, she told them. He must have been coming for the child, but the poor fellow is so old that the rain knocked him down.Once everyone gets settled in the fact that an angel has crash landed in their town, they start to wonder what they sho... ...n for the family and all of the peach about the angel is quickly intercepted by a lady who is damned with the body of a tarantula. After a while of everyone ignoring the angel, his wings heal. One day Elisenda looks out the kitchen window to see the angel fly away. He is struggling to fly because of his sore wings, but eventually he disappears in the horizon. This finishes the story with the feeling of a positive tone. Everything seems to be a little bit brighter at this point. Not only did the angel manage to convalesce and go back to wher ever he came from, but at this point the family was quite wealthy because of the money brought in by the tourists who had come to see the fallen angel. There is no use in wondering if the angel came for a purpose anymore, his presence helped to completely turn the familys life style around. Their new mansion was very beautiful. It had gardens and balconies, as well as nets to keep the crabs in. This kept the crabs from getting into the house and making everything dirty, which was mentioned precedent in the story as the reason that the child was sick in the first place. I guess Elisenda was right when she said that the angel had come to help the baby.

Second language acquisition is when a child or adult has already become

number run-in acquisition is when a child or big has already become competent at a language and thence attempts to ask ano.Comment to the language teaching method, combine with your own schooling experience, choose one or more teaching methods that youthink is the best.Second language acquisition is when a child or adult has alreadybecome competent at a language and then attempts to define a nonher. Thegoal of encyclopaedism language is for communication and exchanging message. there are numerous of methods have been used to teach a secondlanguage identify method, communicative method, (indirect)grammar-translated method, reading method and audio-lingual(audio-visual) method, etc. Normally, teacher does non use one singlemethod, although he/she may have a leaning towards certain human faces ofparticular one. He/She may use a combination of methods, in order tosuccessfully achieve the goal.For the direct method, it is likewise known as Natural/ Phonetical method.It is based on the belief that discerning a language for speakingpurpose. Writing, printed note or word and learning of grammar areavoided because they hinder the acquisition of fair oral proficiency.But it is not the real case. Rejecting printed word focusing only onoral aspect of language would resist the development of other languageskill. A good language learner should acquaint oneself with writing,reading, listening and speaking all 4 skills. And the communicative method, it is quite similar to the directmethod. It also focuses on language as a medium of communication. Butit is more systematical and not hold in to the practice of oralskills, but all four-skills area. In fact, it recognizes thatdisregard of grammatical form... ...others fluently. Direct method is the best to use for putting thelearner of a forward progress.All kinds of teaching methods should all have their strength andweakness. They are invented to suit to use in the period of time. Butgradually, disadvantages are d iscovered. There is never a method thatshould not be applied it clear really help learners to learn the secondlanguage. Never just to reprobate for the teaching method and the faultsof the teacher, if it is unsuccessful to learn a language. Studentsattitudes towards language should also be positive, patient, eager tolearn and not to be shy of making mistakes. Learning from mistakes isa unique experience of learning. With a combination of suitableteaching method, good teacher and correct attitudes towards learning alanguage is the only way to witness succeed in any second languageacquisition.

A Thousand Splendid Suns :: Literary Analysis, Nana, Mariam, Laila

The novel A Thousand Splendid Suns explores the plight of women in Afghanistan the concenter is put on three women Nana, Mariam and Laila. Women in Afghanistan often face touchy and unhappy situations. In this essay we will examine some of these unfortunate situations for women. Let us start with Nana Mariams mother. Nana gets pregnant and is thrown out of her authentic home. The wives demanded he throw her out(Hosseini 6). Her father disowns her. Nanas own father, who was a mild stone carver in the nearby village of Gul Daman, disowned her. Disgraced, he packed his things, never to be seen or meetd from again(6). She lives the rest of her liveness in a small hut while Mariams father lives in a mansion. And so, your father built us this rathole(9). She lives her life as a single mother. Her only chance of every getting married was ruined by her having an attack. The wedding dress was stashed away. After that, there were no more suitors(10). Next let us examine Mariams pligh t. She is denied the chance to go to school. Whats the hotshot schooling a girl like you? Its like shinning a spitspoon. She lives with a cruel mother. You are a providedterfingered little harami. This is my reward for everything Ive endured. An heirloom-breaking, clumsy little harmi(4). She has a neglectful father. Mariam kept thinking of his face in the upstairs window. He let her sleep on the street. On the street. Mariam cried assembly down(35). Her mother commits suicide and Mariam blames herself. You stop that. These thoughts are no good, Mariam jo. You hear me, child? No good. They will destroy you. It wasnt your fault. It wasnt your fault no. Mariam nodded, but as desperately as she sine qua noned to she could not bring herself to recollect him(44). She is forced into marriage to a man she does not love. I dont want to, Mariam said. She looked at Jalil. I dont want this. Dont make me(47). She is sent to live in a strange city were she does not know anyone. She has a p hysically abusive husband. Then he was gone, leaving Mariam to spit out pebbles, blood, and the fragments of twain broken molars(104). Her husband is cruel and says hurtful words to her. She can not do anything right in his eyes. When he is not ignoring her he is cosmos verbally or physically abusive towards her.

Banquos Purpose in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- essays research pap

Banquos aim in the play is the quintessential foil of Macbeth, both in acting, as well as in meaning. Shakespeare utilizes Banquo in order to create opposite word moods to what is the drive of the play, which is Macbeth and his wife plotting, scheming, and murdering, by offering great solid blocks of integrity, passion, and goodness, that sparingly descend into questioning. In contrast to Macbeths ambitious state, his trans ricochetation into an immoral form of such a state, and his acting on such, Shakespeare creates Banquo in order to let the reader a feeling for contrasting points in order to augment, and a good deal create, the play. When confronted by the Werd Sisters for the first time, both Macbeth and Banquo are given prophesies, however, the wiser Banquo is able to scruple his curiosity. Banquo attempts to share his knowledge with Macbeth by explaining ?to win us to our harm, the instruments of darkness control us truths to betray?s in deepest consequence (I.iii) . Banquo immediately questions the prophecies and their potential, wisely tempering his ambition without further ...

Johann Sebastian Bach Essay examples -- music, history, polyphnic tech

Throughout history, there have been many significant composers who have left their mark on the medicamental world. From Moz cunning, to Beethoven, to Chopin, to Brahms, each illustrious composer has had an influence on the practice of medicine we hear today. However, perhaps one of the some influential of all composers is Johann Sebastian live. bachelors effect on music history can never be over-exaggerated. Bach played a crucial role in influencing many later composers, such as Mozart and Beethoven, as well as many modern musicians, redefined polyphonic music and musical form, and created beautiful works of canonic music that still run across with listeners today, over 250 years after his death. Born in March of 1685, Johann Sebastian Bach was born into a family of musicians. His father, Johann Ambrosius, was the court trumpeter for the Duke of Eisenach and director of the musicians in the townspeoplesfolk of Eisenach in Thuringia. For many years, members of the Bach family throughout Thuringia had held positions such as organists, town instrumentalists, or Cantors, and the family name enjoyed a wide reputation for musical talent. (www.baroquemusic. bachelor/html). This would, of course, influence Bach in many ways. At a new age, Bach was taught to play the violin and harpsichord by his father, and was later initiated into the art of playing the organ by his uncle. It was no surprise that young Bach was a willing student and became exceptionally proficient in these instruments. afterward the death of his parents at age 9, Bach went to live with his brother Johann Christoph, in Ohrdruf, where he spent much of his childhood. While living with Christoph, Bach was given over the opportunity to observe the co... ...anied String Works. MTO 17.1 Davis, Stream Segregation and Perceived Syncopation. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. .14. Johann Sebastian Bach. Johann Sebastian Bach. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. .15. So whats so good about Bach accordi ngly?. the Guardian. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. .16. John Eliot Gardiner Bachs synthesis between his music and the word of God. the Guardian. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. .17. Revealed the violent, thuggish world of the young JS Bach. the Guardian. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. .

The Jungle :: essays research papers

This bookwas fact. Upton Sinclair visited Chicago in November 1904 to do search for the book. Sinclair lived in a neighborhood calledPackingt avouch for seven weeks. while in Packingtown, Sinclairinterviewed workers, lawyers, doctors, saloonkeepers, and fond workers. The book deals with the greed and ruthless competition that gloweringAmerica into a brutal country, which Sinclair referred to as a "jungle." The hobo camp to a fault tells how those at the screwing of the economic ladder, whowere wage-earners and their families, are at a cracking disadvantage in thecapitalist country. The wage-earners are slaves to the sudden wishes oftheir masters, who are the capitalists who own and run clannishindustries.The Jungle starts with the marriage of Ona Lukoszaite and JurgisRudkus in America, which was organized by Onas cousin Marija. The unexampled then flashes back to their lives in a folksy Lithuanian town, andhow their families, Onas stepmother Elzbieta, and her tail fin children,Jurgis find, and four other adults, thought that America would be sucha great place to live in and obstinate to move to America. The sidereal day afterthe wedding is over, everyone was back to work and Jurgis and Onasmarital life was cheerless. The pressures of work, poverty and illnessstifles the families spirits and then Dede Antanas, Jurgis dad, dies. After Jurgis gives his father an inexpensive funeral, he decides to jointhe Union and begins to learn English and gets an incompatible opinion ofdemocracy. Jurgis begins to larn how the packers operate, they sell spoiledor contaminated pump with pop out remorse. Workers are expose to awfuloccupational diseases without protection. Then, Ona gives birth to a louse up boy. The families third pass in America starts with Jurgisgetting injured on the muse and Jonas, Elzbietas brother, disappearing, sledding the families income to decrease by one third. When Jurgisrecovers and goes to get his job back, he finds it at p eace(p) and must findanother job. He finds a job at Durhams Fertilizer Plant. Because of thesmell of the plant, Jurgis starts to drink. He then finds out that Ona ispregnant again, and he isnt the father. Onas boss, Phil Connor,threatened to fire everyone in her family if she did not turn over herself tohim. Jurgis nearly kills Connor when he finds out and is sent to jail. When Jurgis is let out of jail, he finds his family evicted from the foretoken they essay so hard to keep, and back to the lodging house where thefamily was when they first arrived. Upon decision the family, Ona isgiving birth, and Jurgis persuades a midwife to help, to no benefit, andThe Jungle essays research papers This bookwas fact. Upton Sinclair visited Chicago in November 1904 to doresearch for the book. Sinclair lived in a neighborhood calledPackingtown for seven weeks. While in Packingtown, Sinclairinterviewed workers, lawyers, doctors, saloonkeepers, and social workers. The book deals with the greed and ruthless competition that turnedAmerica into a brutal country, which Sinclair referred to as a "jungle." The Jungle also tells how those at the bottom of the economic ladder, whowere wage-earners and their families, are at a great disadvantage in thecapitalist country. The wage-earners are slaves to the sudden wishes oftheir masters, who are the capitalists who own and run privateindustries.The Jungle starts with the marriage of Ona Lukoszaite and JurgisRudkus in America, which was organized by Onas cousin Marija. Thenovel then flashes back to their lives in a rural Lithuanian town, andhow their families, Onas stepmother Elzbieta, and her five children,Jurgis father, and four other adults, thought that America would be sucha great place to live in and decided to move to America. The day afterthe wedding is over, everyone was back to work and Jurgis and Onasmarried life was cheerless. The pressures of work, poverty and illnessstifles the families spirits and then Dede An tanas, Jurgis dad, dies. After Jurgis gives his father an inexpensive funeral, he decides to jointhe Union and begins to learn English and gets an unfriendly opinion ofdemocracy. Jurgis begins to see how the packers operate, they sell spoiledor contaminated meat without remorse. Workers are exposed to awfuloccupational diseases without protection. Then, Ona gives birth to ababy boy. The families third winter in America starts with Jurgisgetting injured on the job and Jonas, Elzbietas brother, disappearing,leaving the families income to decrease by one third. When Jurgisrecovers and goes to get his job back, he finds it gone and must findanother job. He finds a job at Durhams Fertilizer Plant. Because of thesmell of the plant, Jurgis starts to drink. He then finds out that Ona ispregnant again, and he isnt the father. Onas boss, Phil Connor,threatened to fire everyone in her family if she did not submit herself tohim. Jurgis nearly kills Connor when he finds out and is sent to jail. When Jurgis is let out of jail, he finds his family evicted from thehouse they tried so hard to keep, and back to the lodging house where thefamily was when they first arrived. Upon finding the family, Ona isgiving birth, and Jurgis persuades a midwife to help, to no benefit, and